我国国有商业银行监管效率研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 19:07

【摘要】：现代金融业对我国的社会主义市场经济、政治、社会生活等而言，具有非比寻常的意义。而国有商业银行对于现代金融业中发展具有决定性的作用，它的重要性更是不言而喻。根据第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议批准，设立中国银行业监督委员会（以下简称“银监会”）；从2003年的4月28日起，银监会正式履行职责，这表明我国在国有商业银行审慎化监管的道路上越走越远。简单地说，监管效率包括三个方面：一是指银行监管机构利用最小的成本,交换最大的经济和社会效益；二是指银行内部通过设定的稳定性、效率性、发展性目标来检验自身是否具有高效率；三是指社会监管是否对银行发展具有高效率的促进作用。而国有商业银行监管效率评价标准有三条：一是监管机构监管效率；二是国有商业银行内部监管效率；三是社会监管效率。银行监管的目标都是为了维护正常的金融秩序、促进经济发展。国有商业银行监管经历了从合规性监管到审慎性监管的阶段，每一次金融改革改革都大大提高了监管效率。目前国有商业银行监管效率存在的问题集中体现在内控机制不完善、金融创新能力不足、不良贷款率高这几点。而监管机构的低效率表现为：监管协调性不够、监管机制僵化、监管人员素质总体水平不高、监管手段和技术还有待完善、监管法律法规体系不健全。由于金融环境的复杂性，外部运行环境对国有商业银行监管效率也存在一定干扰。以2005年至2012年为研究周期，通过因子分析法实证检验：同时对两大目标（稳定性与效率性）和三大目标（稳定性、效率性和发展性）考虑发现，如果仅仅考量两大目标，在这几年，国内的国有商业银行在监管效率上还是在逐步提升。如果考量三大目标，在2008年，监管效率的趋势呈现下降趋势。这说明，中国银行的监管始终能够很好的完成两大目标（稳定性与效率性）。由于受到各种影响如金融危机等，使得银行的监管效率特别是发展性方面大受影响，因此，在对三大目标进行综合考虑时，个别年份监管效率会有所下降。因此,只有通过采取以下措施，才能提高我国国有商业银行监管效率：分布建立和实施综合性监管;完善银行监管的法律规章，，培养高素质的监管人员；完善银行监管手段和技术。国有商业银行方面应做到：加快银行内控机制的改革、规范公司治理；加快金融创新力度、健全信息披露制度；促进银行同业自律机制形成。从社会监管的环境来看，应创造良好的宏观经济环境、建立和完善信用制度、强化社会监督功能。
[Abstract]:The modern financial industry is of extraordinary significance to our socialist market economy, politics and social life. State-owned commercial banks play a decisive role in the development of modern financial industry, and its importance is self-evident. In accordance with the approval of the first session of the Tenth National people's Congress to establish the China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Banking Regulatory Commission"), the CBRC will formally perform its functions and duties from April 28, 2003. This indicates that our country goes further and further on the road of prudential supervision of state-owned commercial banks. To put it simply, the efficiency of supervision includes three aspects: first, banking regulators use the minimum cost to exchange the greatest economic and social benefits; second, they refer to the stability and efficiency of the bank through the setting. The third is whether social supervision has a high efficiency to promote the development of banks. There are three criteria for evaluating the supervision efficiency of state-owned commercial banks: one is the supervision efficiency of the regulatory body; the other is the internal supervision efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks; and the third is the efficiency of social supervision. The aim of bank supervision is to maintain normal financial order and promote economic development. The supervision of state-owned commercial banks has gone through the stage from compliance supervision to prudent supervision, and each financial reform has greatly improved the efficiency of supervision. At present, the problems existing in the supervision efficiency of state-owned commercial banks are mainly reflected in the imperfect internal control mechanism, the insufficient ability of financial innovation and the high non-performing loan rate. But the inefficient performance of the supervision organization is: the supervision coordination is not enough, the supervision mechanism is rigid, the overall quality of the supervisor is not high, the means and technology of the supervision need to be improved, and the system of the supervision laws and regulations is not perfect. Due to the complexity of the financial environment, the external operating environment also interferes with the supervision efficiency of state-owned commercial banks. Taking the period from 2005 to 2012 as the research cycle, the empirical test of factor analysis shows that the two goals (stability and efficiency) and the three goals (stability, efficiency and development) are considered at the same time, if only two goals are considered, In recent years, the domestic state-owned commercial banks in the regulatory efficiency is gradually improving. If three goals are considered, the trend of regulatory efficiency will decline in 2008. This shows that the Bank of China's supervision has always been able to achieve the two major objectives (stability and efficiency). Due to the influence of various kinds of financial crisis, the efficiency of bank supervision, especially the developmental aspect, is greatly affected. Therefore, when the three goals are considered synthetically, the efficiency of supervision will decline in individual years. Therefore, only by taking the following measures can we improve the efficiency of supervision of state-owned commercial banks in China: to establish and implement comprehensive supervision in distribution, to perfect the laws and regulations of bank supervision, and to train high-quality supervisors. We will improve the means and techniques of bank supervision. The state-owned commercial banks should: speed up the reform of the internal control mechanism of banks, standardize corporate governance, speed up financial innovation, improve the information disclosure system, and promote the formation of the interbank self-discipline mechanism. From the point of view of the environment of social supervision, we should create a good macroeconomic environment, establish and perfect the credit system, and strengthen the function of social supervision.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.33

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