农村抵押融资：担保公司介入的效用与重庆的实践
发布时间：2018-09-19 18:11
【摘要】：如何破除农村经济发展中的资金约束，是关于实现农村经济发展的必须克服的难题，也一直困扰着各级的政府。农村资产的抵押担保融资为解决这一问题提供了思路和途径。农村抵押担保在国内不少地方都有实践，然而由于法律制度的约束以及农村的特定条件限制，各地都难以有效的开展起来。随着农村经济和金融改革的不断推进，从中央政府到地方政府都越发意识到盘活农村的沉睡资产、为农村发展注入资金是解决三农问题的重要途径，在政策层面上都放宽了对于农村资产用于抵押的限制，这也为农村资产抵押融资开辟可广阔的空间。 本文研究从发展农村抵押担保融资的大背景出发，以相关农村金融理论为支撑，在广泛收集数据的情况下，从需求和供给方面分析了重庆农村融资难的现状和原因。进一步地，综合运用博弈论和数理模型进行分析，探讨引入大型担保公司的作用。同时结合重庆市设立大型涉农担保公司的实践，研究涉农担保公司运作的机制，并着重分析了区县担保子公司的架构合理性以及担保公司运作存在的问题，最后提出了相应的对策。 研究的主要结论：由于多方面的原因导致了重庆农村地区融资困难，面对这样的难题，文章认为可以从引入大型涉农担保公司的方式来解决。担保公司以政府筹建、市场运作的方式运行，，能够在一定程度上解决农户抵押品价值不足和银行面临较高违约风险的难题。文章从数理模型的分析中发现，在纯粹的市场化运作中，小微农户的借贷仍难以得到有效支持。因此，担保公司介入到农村抵押担保融资的同时，还应当注重配合培育当地农业产业，加大对于一般风险农户的支持。在担保公司运作中，可能存在诸多的问题，比如担保子公司的激励机制和风险控制等，需要在不断的探索中寻找适合的模式。 文章最后提出了几点政策建议：创新农村金融产品类型，从完善农业保险制度、培育农村资产评估市场、创新农户与企业合作方式等方面完善农村金融市场格局；培育农业产业，从培养农村资金的需求入手进行改革；引入行政性与市场性结合的大型第三方担保机构进入农村市场；规范政府在农村金融市场上的角色。
[Abstract]:How to break down the capital constraint in the development of rural economy is a difficult problem to be overcome to realize the development of rural economy, and it has been puzzling the governments at all levels. The collateral financing of rural assets provides a way to solve this problem. The rural mortgage guarantee has practice in many places in our country. However, because of the restriction of the legal system and the special condition of the countryside, it is difficult to carry out it effectively. With the development of rural economic and financial reform, both the central government and local governments are becoming more aware of the dormant assets in rural areas, and the injection of funds to rural development is an important way to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. At the policy level, the restrictions on the use of rural assets for mortgage are relaxed, which also opens up broad space for rural asset mortgage financing. Based on the background of the development of rural mortgage secured financing and supported by the theory of rural finance, this paper analyzes the present situation and reasons of the difficulty of rural finance in Chongqing from the aspect of demand and supply under the condition of collecting data extensively. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the role of introducing large guarantee companies by using game theory and mathematical model. At the same time, based on the practice of setting up large agricultural guarantee companies in Chongqing, this paper studies the operation mechanism of agricultural guarantee companies, and analyzes emphatically the rationality of the structure of regional and county guarantee subsidiary companies and the problems existing in the operation of guarantee companies. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. The main conclusion of the study is that the financing difficulties in rural areas of Chongqing are caused by many reasons. In the face of this problem, the author thinks that we can solve this problem by introducing large agribusiness guarantee companies. The guarantee companies run in the form of government preparation and market operation, which can solve the problem of the insufficient value of the farmers' collateral and the high risk of default faced by the banks to a certain extent. From the analysis of mathematical model, it is found that in the pure market-oriented operation, the lending of small and micro farmers is still difficult to get effective support. Therefore, while the guarantee company is involved in the rural mortgage guarantee financing, it should also pay attention to the cultivation of local agricultural industry and increase the support for general risk farmers. In the operation of the guarantee company, there may be many problems, such as incentive mechanism and risk control of the guarantee subsidiary, which need to find the suitable mode in the continuous exploration. At the end of the article, some policy suggestions are put forward: innovating the types of rural financial products, perfecting the rural financial market structure from the aspects of perfecting the agricultural insurance system, cultivating the rural asset evaluation market, innovating the cooperative mode between farmers and enterprises, and so on; To cultivate the agricultural industry, we should start with the reform of the demand for rural funds; introduce the large third party guarantee institutions which combine the administration and the market to enter the rural market; and standardize the role of the government in the rural financial market.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.43
本文编号：2250927
[Abstract]:How to break down the capital constraint in the development of rural economy is a difficult problem to be overcome to realize the development of rural economy, and it has been puzzling the governments at all levels. The collateral financing of rural assets provides a way to solve this problem. The rural mortgage guarantee has practice in many places in our country. However, because of the restriction of the legal system and the special condition of the countryside, it is difficult to carry out it effectively. With the development of rural economic and financial reform, both the central government and local governments are becoming more aware of the dormant assets in rural areas, and the injection of funds to rural development is an important way to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. At the policy level, the restrictions on the use of rural assets for mortgage are relaxed, which also opens up broad space for rural asset mortgage financing. Based on the background of the development of rural mortgage secured financing and supported by the theory of rural finance, this paper analyzes the present situation and reasons of the difficulty of rural finance in Chongqing from the aspect of demand and supply under the condition of collecting data extensively. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the role of introducing large guarantee companies by using game theory and mathematical model. At the same time, based on the practice of setting up large agricultural guarantee companies in Chongqing, this paper studies the operation mechanism of agricultural guarantee companies, and analyzes emphatically the rationality of the structure of regional and county guarantee subsidiary companies and the problems existing in the operation of guarantee companies. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. The main conclusion of the study is that the financing difficulties in rural areas of Chongqing are caused by many reasons. In the face of this problem, the author thinks that we can solve this problem by introducing large agribusiness guarantee companies. The guarantee companies run in the form of government preparation and market operation, which can solve the problem of the insufficient value of the farmers' collateral and the high risk of default faced by the banks to a certain extent. From the analysis of mathematical model, it is found that in the pure market-oriented operation, the lending of small and micro farmers is still difficult to get effective support. Therefore, while the guarantee company is involved in the rural mortgage guarantee financing, it should also pay attention to the cultivation of local agricultural industry and increase the support for general risk farmers. In the operation of the guarantee company, there may be many problems, such as incentive mechanism and risk control of the guarantee subsidiary, which need to find the suitable mode in the continuous exploration. At the end of the article, some policy suggestions are put forward: innovating the types of rural financial products, perfecting the rural financial market structure from the aspects of perfecting the agricultural insurance system, cultivating the rural asset evaluation market, innovating the cooperative mode between farmers and enterprises, and so on; To cultivate the agricultural industry, we should start with the reform of the demand for rural funds; introduce the large third party guarantee institutions which combine the administration and the market to enter the rural market; and standardize the role of the government in the rural financial market.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.43
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