基于可追踪动态群签名的公平离线电子现金系统

发布时间：2019-03-13 08:11

【摘要】：电子现金(Electronic Cash, E-cash)是一种以数据形式流通的货币。与传统现金相比,电子现金不仅具有数字化的表示和存储形式,而且具有匿名性,不可伪造性和离线性等特性,能够满足人们通过网络方便快捷地进行交易的需求。电子现金目前已成为世界各国学者的研究热点,尽管电子现金具有许多优点与特性,但是仍然有一些关键性的技术问题亟待研究。现有的电子现金系统主要存在以下局限与不足：(1)安全性较弱,系统的安全性往往依赖于随机预言模型；(2)系统的功能设计不够完善,例如存在用户不能动态加入以及单一银行负担过重等缺陷；(3)系统运行时双方交互次数过多,导致通信代价过于昂贵,使电子现金系统难以实际应用。本文在对现有电子现金系统进行理论研究与分析的基础上,围绕上述不足展开研究。为了实现成员的动态加入和群签名的可追踪性,文中设计了一种新型的可追踪动态群签名方案,该方案基于BSZ安全模型,并采用Waters签名思想,实现群签名的匿名性和不可伪造性。在以此群签名方案为基础上,构建了一种在标准模型下具有CCA匿名性的公平离线电子现金系统,并对文中提出的电子现金系统的体系结构以及各个协议进行了详细描述,给出了标准模型下严格的安全性证明,证明其具有CCA匿名性、不可伪造性、可追踪性以及不可重复花费性等性质。最后,设计与实现了具有CCA匿名性的公平离线电子现金原型系统,该电子现金系统主要包括四个实体：中央银行、地方银行、顾客和商家。与传统的电子现金系统相比,该系统在设计上实现了多银行结构,使得中央银行不必参与到每次发行现金中,因而可有效解决传电子现金系统中的性能瓶颈问题,系统采用Groth-Sahai非交互式零知识证明技术来实现协议之间非交互式的匿名身份认证,从而大大提高了现金交易的安全性效率。利用原型系统还对文中所提出的方案的功能进行了验证。性能分析表明,与现有同类系统相比,本文所提出的电子现金系统在不损失计算代价的前提下,达到了较高的通信效率。
[Abstract]:Electronic Cash (Electronic Cash, E-cash) is a currency that flows in the form of data. Compared with traditional cash, e-cash not only has the digital representation and storage form, but also has the characteristics of anonymity, non-forgery and off-linearity, which can meet the needs of people to trade easily and quickly through the network. E-cash has become the research hotspot of scholars all over the world. Although e-cash has many advantages and characteristics, there are still some key technical problems that need to be studied urgently. The existing e-cash systems mainly have the following limitations and shortcomings: (1) the security of the system is weak, and the security of the system often depends on the random prediction model; (2) the functional design of the system is not perfect, for example, the users can not join the system dynamically and the single bank is overburdened; (3) there are too many interactions between the two sides when the system runs, which leads to the high cost of communication, which makes the electronic cash system difficult to be applied in practice. Based on the theoretical research and analysis of the existing electronic cash system, this paper focuses on the above-mentioned deficiencies. In order to realize dynamic join of members and traceability of group signature, a novel traceable dynamic group signature scheme is designed in this paper. This scheme is based on BSZ security model and adopts the idea of Waters signature. Implement the anonymity and non-forgery of group signature. Based on this group signature scheme, a fair off-line e-cash system with CCA anonymity under the standard model is constructed, and the architecture and protocols of the proposed e-cash system are described in detail. The strict security proof under the standard model is given. It is proved that it has the properties of CCA anonymity, non-forgery, traceability and non-repeatability. Finally, a fair offline e-cash prototype system with CCA anonymity is designed and implemented. The e-cash system consists of four entities: central bank, local bank, customer and merchant. Compared with the traditional e-cash system, this system realizes the multi-bank structure in the design, so that the central bank does not have to participate in every cash issue, so it can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of the performance in the e-cash transfer system. The system uses Groth-Sahai non-interactive zero-knowledge proof technology to realize non-interactive anonymous identity authentication between protocols, which greatly improves the security efficiency of cash transactions. The function of the proposed scheme is verified by the prototype system. The performance analysis shows that the electronic cash system proposed in this paper achieves higher communication efficiency without losing the computational cost compared with the existing similar systems.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.2;TP309

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