关于影子银行对商业银行渗透所潜在的风险的思考

发布时间：2019-05-09 08:49

【摘要】：这几年以来,影子银行在我国发展的速度相对迅猛,从很大程度上,扩张了社会的流动性。“高风险,高收益”影子银行的高额利润同样诱惑着商业银行。影子银行对商业银行渗透的产品及方式主要体现为银信合作以及以委托贷款的名义募集资金发售理财产品、信贷资产转让、通过票据套现,融资资产进入银行理财资产池等。虽然从另一种角度来看,这可以视为一种金融创新,从一定程度上扩大了中间业务收入,弥补了由于宏观货币政策以及行业规模控制等系列外界约束而带来的银行信贷业务扩张的瓶颈。但是与此同时,由于影子银行的出现,从一定程度上是影响了金融资源的有效配置,让一些多余的流动性规避了监管,对于央行的紧缩的宏观政策起到了抵消作用,对商业银行来说,存在着潜在的系统性风险和声誉风险。本文透过对流动性问题的简单剖析,通过研究近几年影子银行在商业银行中最普遍的渗透的业务银信合作的商业银行理财产品发展以及理财产品的投向来看影子银行与商业银行的密切程度。此外通过深入剖析13家上市银行的收入情况来揭示银行净利润增长中非利息收入的比重越来越大。其收入的结构正在调整,从表面上看,这是一种良性的利润结构调整,但是其存在较多的潜在风险值得我们的思考。通过理财产品的发行很多资产都表外化了。过度的发展,银行由于利润效应,在存贷利差越来越小的情况下会越来越依赖非利息收入。没有商业银行缴存准备金、保持资本充足率、规模限制等约束条件。他的最终资金融出方是信托或其他机构,而不是商业银行,商业银行仅作为一个销售渠道。银行收益结构的调整不是一种真正意义上的结构优化和经营水平提高,其产品风险的评判由于发行主体不是银行而变弱,甚至淡化风险评价。一旦发生问题购买者的权益无法保障,而且商业银行的声誉也受到影响。通过规范分析、统计分析来量化研究分析影子银行在商业银行中渗透的风险研究。本文的结论是现有会计准则不能量化估算理财产品等表外业务的潜在风险,通过借鉴巴塞尔协议,参照风险权数在表内计量来提高表外资产的信用风险成本。建议应该更完善我们商业银行表外化产品以及金融创新产品的监管制度,提高一些银行表外化资产的违约成本,对发售的不同风险级别的产品投向也应该更加明确其投资方向,并明确其在各种要素变动下对收益的影响程度。同时加快促进利率市场化。
[Abstract]:Over the past few years, shadow banking has developed rapidly in our country, expanding the liquidity of society to a large extent. High-risk, high-yield shadow banks' high profits also seduce commercial banks. The products and methods of shadow bank infiltration into commercial banks are mainly reflected in the cooperation between banks and credit and the sale of wealth management products in the name of entrusted loans, the transfer of credit assets, the cash settlement through bills, and the entry of financing assets into the bank financial assets pool, and so on. Although from another point of view, this can be seen as a financial innovation, to a certain extent, expanding intermediate business revenue, It makes up for the bottleneck of bank credit business expansion due to macro-monetary policy and industry scale control and other external constraints. But at the same time, due to the emergence of shadow banking, to a certain extent, it has affected the effective allocation of financial resources, so that some excess liquidity has evaded supervision, and has played a counteracting role in the tightening macro policy of the central bank. For commercial banks, there are potential systemic risks and reputation risks. In this paper, through a simple analysis of the liquidity problem, Through the study of the development of financial products of commercial banks, which is the most common business in commercial banks in recent years, the close degree of shadow banks and commercial banks is seen by studying the development of financial products of commercial banks with the most common penetration of shadow banks in recent years. In addition, through in-depth analysis of the income of 13 listed banks to reveal the increase in net profit of banks in the proportion of non-interest income is increasing. The structure of its income is being adjusted. On the face of it, it is a kind of benign profit structure adjustment, but there are many potential risks worthy of our thinking. Through the issuance of wealth management products, a lot of assets have been externalized. Excessive development, because of profit effect, banks will become more and more dependent on non-interest income when the spread between deposit and loan becomes smaller and smaller. There are no commercial banks to pay reserves, maintain capital adequacy ratio, size restrictions and other constraints. His ultimate financier is a trust or other institution, not a commercial bank, which serves only as a sales channel. The adjustment of bank income structure is not a kind of real structural optimization and management level improvement, and the evaluation of product risk becomes weaker because the issuer is not a bank, and even weakens the risk evaluation. In the event of problems, the rights and interests of buyers cannot be guaranteed and the reputation of commercial banks is affected. Through normative analysis, statistical analysis to quantitative analysis of shadow banks in the penetration of commercial banks risk research. The conclusion of this paper is that the existing accounting standards can not quantitatively estimate the potential risk of off-balance-sheet business such as wealth management products, and improve the credit risk cost of off-balance-sheet assets by drawing lessons from the Basle Agreement and measuring the risk weight in the table. It is suggested that the supervision system of our commercial banks' off-balance sheet products and financial innovation products should be improved, the default cost of some banks' off-balance sheet assets should be raised, and the investment direction of the products sold at different risk levels should also be more clearly defined. And make clear its influence degree to the income under the various factors change. At the same time, we will speed up the marketization of interest rates.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.3

【相似文献】