企业创新异质性与我国出口增长模式的关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 07:46

本文关键词：企业创新异质性与我国出口增长模式的关系研究　出处：《华侨大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着新新贸易理论的兴起,对出口贸易的研究已经从行业层面深入到企业层面,以Melitz提出的“企业异质性”概念为核心,新新贸易理论的理论与实证不断丰富、深化与拓展。本文从企业创新层面定义企业异质性,提出了“企业创新异质性”的概念,并将其划分为质量创新、品种创新、过程创新三类。在理论层面,以Melitz的模型为基础将产品质量内生化,然后嵌入企业创新异质性指标,构建基于企业创新异质性的新新贸易理论框架。在实证层面,因为海关进出口数据库中更新到2006年,故选取2000-2006年中国企业对美国出口数据。利用海关进出口数据库,对每年企业的出口增长进行三元分解:价格增长、数量增长、广度增长(品种增长)。利用tobit模型探究企业创新类型与出口增长模式之间是否存在一一对应的关系。研究表明:(1)质量创新对每一种出口增长都至关重要。产品质量提升,不仅促进出口价格、数量增长,也促进广度增长。提升产品质量,增加产品竞争力,推动出口增长和增长模式转变,是我国企业摆脱出口低迷新常态的可行选择;(2)过程创新会促进广度增长。企业生产率高,新产品具竞争优势,被国际市场广泛接受,实现更多出口量。这一点与Melitz模型的结论——生产率高的企业进入出口市场、生产率低的企业供应国内市场、生产率更低则退出市场相符;(3)品种创新对于出口增长的促进作用并不显著,这可能是受数据限制,工业企业数据库中没有关于产品种类的相关数据,本文以企业的新产品产值增加代理广度增长(品种增长);(4)人力资本投入有利于出口产品品种增加。因此加大人力资本投入,提升产品多样性,是实现企业出口产品广度增长有效措施。企业规模会影响企业价格、数量增长、阻碍品种增长。因而可以探讨依据企业规模进行出口扶持的政策:采用价格退税、数量退税等产业补贴扶持大规模企业价格、数量增长;采用增加研发补贴,扶持小企业研发、生产、出口新产品。以随机tobit替换混合tobit模型,利用滞后一期的全要素生产率、更换企业规模指标进行稳健性检验,实证结果变化不大,结果是稳健的。
[Abstract]:With the rise of the new and new trade theory, the research on export trade has gone deep from the industry level to the enterprise level, with the concept of "enterprise heterogeneity" put forward by Melitz as the core. The theory and practice of new and new trade theory are enriched, deepened and expanded. This paper defines enterprise heterogeneity from the aspect of enterprise innovation, puts forward the concept of "enterprise innovation heterogeneity", and divides it into quality innovation. On the theoretical level, the product quality is endogenous based on Melitz model, and then embedded in the enterprise innovation heterogeneity index. To construct a new and new trade theory framework based on enterprise innovation heterogeneity. At the empirical level, because the customs import and export database is updated to 2006. Therefore, the export data of Chinese enterprises to the United States from 2000 to 2006 are selected. By using the import and export database of customs, the export growth of enterprises is divided into three parts: price growth and quantity growth. The tobit model is used to explore whether there is a one-to-one correspondence between enterprise innovation types and export growth model. The study shows that the relationship between enterprise innovation types and export growth model is one-to-one. Quality innovation is essential for every export growth. Not only to promote export prices, volume growth, but also to promote the breadth of growth, improve product quality, increase product competitiveness, promote export growth and growth model change. It is a feasible choice for Chinese enterprises to get rid of the new normal state of export depression; Process innovation will promote the growth of breadth. High productivity and competitive advantage of new products are widely accepted in the international market. This is consistent with the conclusion of the Melitz model that firms with high productivity enter the export market, those with low productivity supply the domestic market, and those with lower productivity exit from the market; (3) the contribution of variety innovation to export growth is not significant, which may be limited by data, and there is no relevant data on product types in the industrial enterprise database. In this paper, the enterprise's new product output value to increase agency breadth growth (variety growth); Therefore, increasing the investment of human capital and promoting product diversity is an effective measure to increase the breadth of export products. The scale of enterprises will affect the prices of enterprises. Therefore, we can explore the policy of export support according to the scale of enterprises: adopting price rebate, quantity tax rebate and other industrial subsidies to support the price of large-scale enterprises and increase in quantity; By increasing R & D subsidies and supporting small enterprises to develop, produce and export new products, the mixed tobit model is replaced by random tobit, and the total factor productivity (TFP) is used. Change the enterprise scale index to carry on the robustness test, the empirical result is not changed, the result is robust.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F273.1;F752.62

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