考虑保证金率的资金约束供应链运营决策和协调研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 23:26

本文关键词：考虑保证金率的资金约束供应链运营决策和协调研究　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于全球化经济的发展和不断加剧的国际竞争,“现金之战(war for cash)”使运营资金不足问题变得日益突出。资金缺乏同样也是我国许多中小型企业生存和发展面临的主要问题。由于受资金约束,这些企业不仅会无法实现自身的最优决策,抑制其发展壮大和创新活动,也会影响其所在供应链的协调运作和有效决策,降低整个供应链的竞争能力。商业信用作为一种以商品而非资金为载体的间接融资服务,通过资金资源在供应链中合理配置,使得资金不足企业摆脱资金约束,不仅可以优化供应链成员的运营决策,还可以增加供应链成员以及整个供应链系统的收益。而初始保证金作为最关键的事前风险控制变量,不仅是资金不足零售商履约的信用保证,而且是供应商防范融资期内市场需求不确定和产品价格波动的重要工具。因此,本文引入考虑保证金率的商业信用来研究其对资金约束供应链决策和协调的作用和影响。本文将商业信用定义为:销售期初,资金不足零售商支付初始保证金,供应商为零售商提供商业信用,等到销售期末需求实现之后,零售商再支付剩余货款和利息。本文的第四章研究内容主要是构建了考虑保证金率的商业信用激励模型,分析了供应链中零售商的订购决策以及供应商的信用决策,讨论了保证金率和初始运营资金等变量对其决策和各成员利润的影响。然而,在供应链中,每个成员作为独立的经济个体,各自都掌握着其他成员所不知道的私有信息。具有信息优势的一方为了获得更大的收益必然会选择隐瞒或者谎报信息,导致信息非对称现象。考虑到非对称信息对供应链运作效率的影响,本文的第五章研究内容主要是供应商设计商业信用菜单来甄别不同销售价格类型的零售商,基于委托代理框架构建单阶段博弈下的商业信用激励模型,采用拉格朗日方法和最优化算法求解模型;分析了非对称信息下供应商的保证金率决策和零售商的采购策略。研究表明,通过设计合理的商业信用合同菜单,不但可以刺激零售商提高其采购量,增加整个供应链系统的收益,还能使得零售商揭露自身真实的销售价格,防止逆向选择的发生。本文还通过数值分析对结论进行验证,探讨了零售商在不同销售价格情况下最优订购量的比较大小,分析了初始营运资金以及利率对供应链成员营运决策的影响,以及收益模型中决策变量的变化对供应链成员期望收益的作用趋势。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of economic globalization and increasing international competition, the "cash War (war for cash)" the lack of operating funds problem has become increasingly prominent. The lack of funds the main problems facing China is also many small and medium enterprises survival and development. Due to financial constraints, these enterprises will not only can not achieve the optimal decision of their own and inhibit the growth and innovation activities, coordinated and effective decision will also affect the supply chain, reduce the competitiveness of the whole supply chain. The commercial credit as a commodity rather than money as indirect financing service carrier, through the rational allocation of capital resources in the supply chain, the lack of funds from capital enterprises the constraint, not only can optimize the supply chain operation decision, can also increase the members of the supply chain and the benefit of the whole supply chain and the initial margin as the most. The beforehand risk key control variables, not only the lack of funds is the retailer performance credit guarantee, and the market demand is uncertain supplier against financing period an important tool and product price fluctuation. Therefore, in this paper, considering the margin rate of commercial credit to study the capital constrained supply chain decision-making and coordination of the role and influence of the. Commercial credit is defined as the beginning of the selling season, retailers pay insufficient funds in the initial margin, suppliers of commercial credit for retailers, until the final sales demand after the retailer to pay the remaining payment and interest. In the fourth chapter, the main content of this paper is to construct the incentive model of the margin rate of commercial credit, analyzes order decision and suppliers credit decision of retailer in supply chain, discusses the deposit rate and the initial capital and other variables of the decision and the Influence of member profits. However, each member in the supply chain, as an independent economic entity, each holding other members do not know the private information. The party with information advantage in order to gain more income will choose to hide or false information, leading to information asymmetry. Considering the influence of non symmetry information on the operation efficiency of the supply chain, the fifth chapter of the main content of this paper is to design the supplier of commercial credit to identify different types of menu sales prices of retailers, principal-agent framework of single stage game under the commercial credit incentive model based on the Lagrange method and optimization algorithm to solve the model; analysis of the Supplier under asymmetric information margin rate the decision and retailer procurement strategy. The results show that through the reasonable design of commercial credit contract menu, not only can stimulate the retailer to improve its Purchase quantity, increase the benefit of the whole supply chain, but also allows retailers to expose their true sales price, to prevent the occurrence of adverse selection. Through the numerical analysis to verify the conclusion, discusses the different retailers in the sales price under the condition of optimal size of order quantity, analyses the influence of initial working capital and the interest rate on the supply chain the members of operation decision, role change trend of decision variables and profit model of supply chain members expected return.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274;F724.2

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