异质企业理论框架下降低管制成本对出口贸易的影响

发布时间：2018-01-05 13:22

本文关键词：异质企业理论框架下降低管制成本对出口贸易的影响　出处：《安徽大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济全球化成世界之潮流,全球贸易自由化亦呈现势不可挡之趋势。跨国公司在世界贸易中逐渐占据主导地位,国际贸易理论的研究也由产业间贸易走向企业间贸易,依据企业间贸易发展起来的新新贸易理论的相关研究表明：出口企业的生产率平均来说要高于非出口企业。自从加入wr0之后,中国贸易年均增速达到30%,从新新贸易理论的观点来看如此高的贸易增速间接的反应了中国企业生产率水平的快速增长。但是实证研究表明,中国出口企业呈现一种“生产率悖论”现象,即出口企业的生产率低于非出口企业。而企业出口的成本又是影响企业是否出口的决定因素,基于此情况,本文通过建立一个动态随机一般均衡的两国经济宏观模型,研究企业出口成本对出口的直接影响和进入国内市场成本对出口的间接影响。把经济中的企业生产部门分为出口部门与非出口部门,在异质企业框架下研究宏观经济波动问题。研究表明：本国生产率的提高推动本国的产品出口,并且这种对出口的影响主要发生在出口集约边际上,对出口的扩展边际影响不明显。但是随着冲击的持续影响,本国出口部门和非出口部门同时扩张,出口企业数目和新进入本国企业的数目都增加,市场中总企业数目也相应增加。同时生产率冲击提高了经济中的产出水平,供给增加,降低了市场价格水平。生产率的冲击提高了劳动者实际工资,产出扩张提高对劳动的需求。贸易自由化过程中逐渐降低的冰山成本直接提高了出口,在资源总约束下,对国内非出口部门造成挤出效应。并且研究发现,贸易自由化过程中出口的扩张更多发生在集约边际上,出口的扩展边际并不明显。对含有进入市场管制成本以及不含市场管制成本的异质企业模型比较后发现,在自由进入市场模型设定下各主要宏观变量对生产率的冲击的反应更加敏感。生产者价格冲击通过汇率提高了出口部门的出口,对非出口部门的投资产生挤出效应,非出口部门受到冲击后新进入国内市场的企业数目降低。国内总产出由于出口对国内投资的挤出效应初始时会降低,长期而言会达到一个更高的稳态水平。消费者价格方面的冲击在短期对产出以及企业数目影响不明显,但是长期会使得产出和企业数目增长到一个较高水平。出口管制的放松降低了进入出口市场门槛,出口企业数目增加,在社会总投资资源约束下,国内新企业数目反而下降,这从一定程度上说明了国内资本由非出口部门流向出口部门,对非出口部门的投资减少。出口企业数目增加的幅度低于国内新企业成立的数目,两者作用的净结果是企业总数减少。致力于降低出口管制成本的政策在一定程度上有损国内非出口部门。鼓励出口的贸易政策提高了一国的出口,但会使国内总产出降低。国内市场管制成本的降低不仅使得新进入国内市场中的企业数目增多,同时也使出口企业数目增多。进入国内市场管制成本的降低提高了新进入国内市场的企业数目,加剧市场竞争,加速淘汰市场中那些生产率低下利润较低的企业,企业就会努力提高自身的生产率水平,推动市场中企业生产率水平整体进步。由于出口的管制成本并没有降低,更多非出口的企业能够支付出口成本,出口企业的数目就会增加。总体来看出口的管制成本降低将会显著促进出口扩张,却是建立在挤出国内非出口部门基础上的贸易利得；旨在降低本国进入市场壁垒的政策不仅能够促进本国非出口部门的发展,在国内企业立足于本国市场的基础之上,获得预期利润,提高企业生产率,从而有能力跨过出口门槛进入国际市场,同时在长期也促进出口部门的扩张,两种政策的比较结果是致力于降低本国进入市场壁垒的政策能够长期能够获得更多利得。更多的企业进入市场提供多样化的产品选择,消费者受益于产品的多样化,从而增加社会福利。
[Abstract]:Into the world trend of economic globalization, Global trade liberalization has also shown a trend which cannot be halted trend. The multinational companies gradually occupy the dominant position in world trade, international trade theory from inter industry trade to trade between companies, according to the relevant research of enterprise trade between developed new trade theory shows that the average productivity of export enterprises is higher than that of non export enterprises. After entering wr0, China trade with an average annual growth rate reached 30%, from the new trade theory point of view that high trade growth indirectly reflects the rapid growth of China enterprise productivity level. But the empirical research shows that China export enterprise is a kind of "productivity paradox" phenomenon, namely, the productivity of export enterprises less than non export enterprises. While the export cost is the determinants of export enterprises, based on this situation, the This paper through the macroeconomic model to establish a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, direct effects of export costs on exports and export into the domestic market cost of indirect effects. The production sectors in the economy of the enterprises into the export sector and non export sector, research on macroeconomic fluctuations in heterogeneous enterprises under the framework of research. Show that their productivity to promote their exports, and the impact on exports mainly occurred in the intensive margin, extended marginal impact on exports is not obvious. But with the sustained impact, its export sector and non export sector and the expansion of export enterprises, the number and number of new enterprises entering the country have increased the total number of enterprises, the market also increased. At the same time improve the productivity shocks in the economy's output level, increase the supply, reduce the price of water The impact of increased productivity. Workers in real wages, output expansion to improve the demand for labor. Trade liberalization gradually decreased in the process of the iceberg cost increasing in total exports, under the constraints of resources, resulting in crowding out effect on domestic export sector. And it is found that the export trade liberalization in the process of expansion in more intensive margin, export expansion margin is not obvious. Compared with heterogeneous enterprise to enter the market and the cost of regulation does not contain market regulation cost model, in the free market access model set under the impact of major macroeconomic variables on productivity were more sensitive. The producer price shocks increased export sector exports through the exchange rate, produce the crowding out effect on non export sector investment, the number of new enterprises to enter the domestic market of non export sector by the impact of lower gross domestic output. Because of the crowding out effect of initial export on domestic investment will be reduced, the long term will reach a higher level of consumer prices steady. The impact is not obvious in the short-term impact on the output and the number of enterprises, but the long-term will make the output and the number of enterprises increased to a higher level. The export deregulation reduces access to export the threshold of the market, the increase in the number of export enterprises, the total social investment in the resource constraints, the number of new domestic enterprises decreased, which indicates that the domestic capital by non export sector to the export sector to a certain extent, reduce the non export sector investment. The number of export enterprises increased less than the number of new domestic enterprises was established, the net result the effect is reduced. The total number of enterprises is committed to reducing the cost of the export control policies undermine domestic non export sector to a certain extent, encourage the export trade. Improve the policy of a country's exports, but the domestic total output decline in the domestic market not only makes the new cost control into the number of domestic enterprises in the market increased, also increased the number of export enterprises to enter the domestic market. To reduce the cost of regulation improves the number of new entrants into the domestic market, increasing competition in the market in the market to accelerate the elimination of low productivity low profit enterprises, enterprises will strive to improve the level of their productivity, promote the productivity of firms in the market overall progress. Because the export control cost is not low, not able to pay the cost of exports more export enterprises, export enterprises can increase the number of overall export control cost. Will promote the expansion of export decreased significantly, but it is in extrusion in non export sectors on the basis of trade gains; in order to reduce the country into the city A barrier policy can not only promote their development of non export sector, on the basis of domestic enterprises based on the domestic market, expected profits, improve the productivity of enterprises, which have the ability to export across the threshold to enter the international market, but also in the long-term export promotion department of the expansion, comparing the results of two kind of policy is to reduce enter the domestic market barriers to long-term policy to get more profits. More and more enterprises enter the market to provide a variety of products, consumers benefit from the diversification of products, so as to increase the social welfare.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F275.3;F752.62

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