华夏银行长春分行小微企业授信风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 16:02

本文关键词：华夏银行长春分行小微企业授信风险管理研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为国民经济发展的有力推动器,广泛分布于各行各业的小微企业,已成为国民经济的重要组成部分,在创造巨大社会价值的同时也切实拉动就业提升经济活力,然而小微企业却长期被融资难题困扰。伴随经济下行趋势日渐明显,吉林省乃至东北经济发展状况在全国范围内屈居末流,四大行以及各股份制商业银行面对存量小微企业日益高启的逾欠率及不良率,面对发展指标和风控指标的双重压力,在小微企业授信方面已逐步调整工作思路。吉林地区同业调查数据显示,2016年开始包括中行、建行、民生、中信、兴业银行已经停止了对小微企业授信的准入或变相提高了小微企业的准入标准,对于存量业务,一律采取能够退出就退出的政策;而工行、交行、华夏、吉林银行、九台农商行虽然仍然坚持对优质小微企业给予授信支持,但授信准入门槛明显提高。在这样的大环境下,如何对小微企业信贷风险进行科学、有效的管理,如何在保证助力小微企业发展的同时保证分行小微企业授信业务的健康可持续发展,完成总行下达的各项指标,成为华夏银行长春分行小微企业金融部也就是笔者所在部门的当务之急。本文通过对华夏银行长春分行小微企业授信业务见状及风险管理架构进行分析,结合小微企业授信业务风控特点和授信产品特点,对比分行整体风险管控系统运行模式,对华夏银行长春分行小微企业授信业务风险管理实践进行调研分析,分析认为,目前华夏银行长春分行逾欠以及不良率在一年时间集中爆发的原因主要包括五个方面:一是批量授信准入过于盲目,贸易背景真实性核查不严,二是过分注重担保,忽略对第一还款来源的把控,三是贷后管理重形式而轻实质,四是逾欠贷款及不良资产清收处置力度不足,五是小微企业贷款的系统性风险突出。为了优化华夏银行长春分行小微企业授信管理整体水平,本文运用“小企业零售及非零售评级分析法”、“一般及特别风险预警信号体系建设”等授信风险理论,并对华夏银行长春分行小企业条线授信工作风控流程涉及客户经理、客户经理主管、专职审批人、贷后管理岗以及风险总监在内的风险管理人员进行了面谈,结合笔者自身从事多年小微企业授信审批工作的工作经验,得到以下结论:一是为了确保批量开发业务的稳步健康发展,分行需进一步强化平台客户全流程管理,二是为提高小微企业存量业务信贷资产质量;分行需进一步强化单一客户授信管理;三是为实现对风险预警信号的早期识别,防范信用风险,分行需进一步提高对小微企业的授信后管理能力,具体包括建立完善的资产质量检测制度,并及时对问题贷款采取有效的保全措施以及丰富授信后管理的手段;四是探索多样化的逾欠贷款清收化解手段;五是建立授信客户分级风险管理体系,提高风险管控能力。
[Abstract]:As a powerful driving force in the development of the national economy, small and micro enterprises, which are widely distributed in various industries, have become an important part of the national economy. While creating huge social value and promoting employment to enhance economic vitality, small and micro enterprises have long been troubled by the financing problem, along with the economic downward trend is becoming increasingly obvious. Jilin Province and even the northeast of China's economic development status in the country, the four banks and the stock system of commercial banks in the face of the stock of small and micro enterprises increasingly high rate of excess and bad. In the face of the double pressure of development indicators and wind control indicators, in the small and micro enterprise credit has gradually adjusted the way of thinking. Jilin region interbank survey data show that in 2016, including Bank of China, Construction Bank, people's livelihood, Citic. Societe Generale Bank has stopped granting credit to small and micro enterprises or disguised to improve the access standards of small and micro enterprises, for the stock business, all can withdraw from the policy of exit; And ICBC, Bank of Communications, Huaxia, Jilin Bank, Nine Taiwan Agricultural and Commercial Bank, although still adhere to the quality of small and micro enterprises to give credit support, but credit entry threshold significantly increased. In such a large environment. How to carry on the scientific and effective management to the credit risk of the small and micro enterprises and how to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the credit business of the branch small and micro enterprises while helping the development of the small and micro enterprises. Complete the target issued by the head office. To become the financial department of small and micro enterprises of Changchun branch of Huaxia Bank is the urgent matter of my department. This paper analyzes the letter of credit business and risk management framework of Changchun branch of Huaxia Bank. Combined with the risk control characteristics of small and micro enterprises credit business and the characteristics of credit products, compared with the operation mode of the whole risk control system of branch, the risk management practice of small and micro enterprises in Changchun branch of Huaxia Bank is investigated and analyzed. It is believed that the reasons for the shortage of Changchun branch of Huaxia Bank and the failure rate in one year mainly include five aspects: first, the bulk credit access is too blind, and the authenticity of the trade background is not strictly verified. The second is to pay too much attention to the guarantee, ignoring the control of the first source of repayment, the third is that the management after the loan is more important than the essence, and the fourth is that the disposal of the outstanding loans and non-performing assets is not enough. In order to optimize the overall level of credit management of small and micro enterprises in Changchun Branch of Huaxia Bank, this paper uses the "small Business Retail and Non-Retail rating Analysis method". "General and special risk early warning signal system construction" and other credit risk theory, and the risk control process of small enterprises in Changchun branch of Huaxia Bank involves account managers, account managers, full-time approvers. After the loan management post and risk management staff including the director of risk were interviewed, combined with the author engaged in many years of small and micro enterprise credit approval work experience. The conclusions are as follows: first, in order to ensure the steady and healthy development of batch development business, branches need to further strengthen the platform customer full process management, the second is to improve the quality of credit assets of small and micro enterprises stock business; Branches need to further strengthen the single customer credit management; Third, in order to realize the early identification of risk warning signal and prevent credit risk, branches need to further improve the ability of post-credit management of small and micro enterprises, including the establishment of a perfect asset quality testing system. And timely take effective preservation measures to the problem loan and enrich the means of post-credit management; Fourth, to explore the diversification of the settlement of outstanding loans; Fifth, establish a credit-granting customer rating risk management system to improve risk management ability.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.4;F276.3;F275

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