碳排放配额供给机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 12:55

  本文关键词： 碳排放配额 总量控制交易 供给机制 总量设定 配额分配 配额调整　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对任何一个碳排放交易体系来说,成功的关键在于通过碳排放配额供给机制,创造和维持排放配额的稀缺性,这决定着是否能实现有效减排和配额市场稳定。本文围绕如何设计有效的碳排放配额供给机制这一核心问题,通过经济学的理论方法与统计分析工具,提出并分析碳排放配额供给机制的构成要素。主要观点有:(1)碳排放配额供给机制包括配额的总量设定机制、配额的分配机制、配额的调整机制,三种机制分别代表配额的产生、分配和再分配;(2)配额的总量设定需要综合考虑本国的经济增长和环境保护,以及国际减排公约,结合自身减排需要和国际减排压力,制定本国的强度或绝对量减排目标,确定配额总量;(3)为保证排放限额制定的独立性和抗干扰性,减少政策的寻租空间,应由立法机构制定排放配额限额总量,并辅以棘轮机制,可以随着情况变化自动调整;(4)在主要的配额分配方式中,拍卖法是最具成本效率优势的分配方法,可以避免免费分配的复杂性和高成本,以及由此带来的意外收益对交易体系的扭曲;(5)配额的调整机制是重要的配额再分配机制,对稳定配额价格、适应市场和减排政策变化、保证履约十分重要。对配额的调整可以从供给端和需求端分别进行,并以供给端的配额调整机制为主。配额调整机制的核心是界定合理的过剩配额数量范围。在此基础上,通过研究对比欧盟ETS、澳大利亚ETS、加州ETS和东京都ETS四种有代表性的配额供给机制,以及中国七个试点省市的ETS实践,提出我国碳排放配额供给机制应分四个阶段逐步走向完善。同时,以2030年碳排放达到峰值年为分界点。在达峰前,根据强度减排目标确定配额总量,分配以免费分配为主,逐步向拍卖过渡,并递进式的设计灵活性机制;在达峰之后,根据绝对量减排目标确定配额总量,分配以拍卖为主,实施完善的灵活性机制。
[Abstract]:For any carbon trading system, the key to success is to create and maintain the scarcity of emissions quotas through the carbon quota supply mechanism. This determines whether effective emission reduction and quota market stability can be realized. This paper focuses on how to design an effective carbon emission quota supply mechanism through the theoretical methods of economics and statistical analysis tools. Put forward and analyze the elements of carbon emission quota supply mechanism. The main viewpoints are: 1) carbon emission quota supply mechanism includes total quota setting mechanism, quota allocation mechanism, quota adjusting mechanism, three mechanisms representing the production of quotas, respectively. The allocation and redistribution of the total amount of the quota need to take into account national economic growth and environmental protection, as well as international emission reduction conventions, and set national intensity or absolute emission reduction targets in the light of their own emission reduction needs and international emission reduction pressures, In order to ensure the independence and anti-interference of the emission quota formulation and reduce the rent-seeking space of the policy, it is necessary for the legislature to formulate the total amount of the emission quota quota, supplemented by the ratcheting mechanism. The auction method is the most cost-effective method of allocation, avoiding the complexity and high cost of free distribution. The adjustment mechanism of quota is an important mechanism of quota redistribution, which can stabilize quota price and adapt to market and emission reduction policy changes. The quota adjustment can be carried out separately from the supply side and the demand side, and the quota adjustment mechanism on the supply side is the main one. The core of the quota adjustment mechanism is to define the reasonable range of excess quota quantity. By studying and comparing the four representative quota supply mechanisms of European Union ETS, Australia ETS, California ETS and Tokyo Tokyo ETS, as well as the ETS practice in seven pilot provinces and cities in China, The paper puts forward that the supply mechanism of carbon emission quota in China should be perfected in four stages. At the same time, taking the peak year of carbon emissions in 2030 as the dividing point, before the peak, the total quantity of quota should be determined according to the intensity emission reduction target, and the distribution should be mainly free distribution. Step by step to auction, and progressive design flexibility mechanism; after the peak, according to the absolute emission reduction target to determine the total amount of quotas, allocation based on auction, the implementation of a complete flexibility mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X196;F831.5
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本文编号：1542761