货币与人-西美尔货币哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 11:22

本文选题：西美尔　切入点：货币哲学　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：格奥尔格·西美尔是继马克思之后在货币哲学思想领域做出重大贡献的哲学家。他以货币这个独特的社会存在物为切入点,分析现代社会生活的深刻变化,反思货币经济对人的存在价值和生活风格的影响。而与马克思着眼于经济结构对现代性进行批判不同,西美尔最终将个体的内在心灵体验确认为探讨现代性的立脚点。因此,对西美尔货币哲学思想的阐释将从一个侧面展示马克思货币哲学思想的当代回声。从而,在推进人们对现代性认识的同时,加深对马克思哲学所具有的当代价值意义的理解。本文以西美尔《货币哲学》一书为主要文本依据,对西美尔货币哲学思想进行系统的阐释。第一部分主要考察西美尔的货币本质观,这是西美尔整个货币哲学思想的基础和先导。西美尔对货币本质的分析由两个模块构成。第一,他首先发掘了货币得以存在并取得意义的前提。在西美尔看来,社会之所以能够产生在于人类的交换行为,而货币作为特殊的社会存在物,其意义和地位的取得也根源于交换。第二,西美尔从外在和内在两个方向分析现代社会中货币的本质,所谓外在方向意指在客观实践领域货币成为了一种抽象的价值符号,而所谓内在方向是指在人的心理层面上货币成为了人们追求的终极目的。第二部分考察西美尔所揭示的货币对人的内在价值的影响,主要包括两个方面。一,西美尔认为,货币经济扩大了人的自由,它将人从固定的劳务方式、实物财产占有方式和固定的人际关系网络中解放出来,这意味着人的自由的扩大。与此同时,货币在给人带来自由的同时没有给人的生活以新的指向性,它剥夺了生活的固定内容和意义,却没有填充入新的东西,所以这种自由是消极性的。二,西美尔指出,货币经济贬低了人和物的价值,货币经济以其无特性、客观性和普遍有效性成为衡量一切价值的尺度,物和人的价值全部被表现为货币价值,而实际上,物和人的某些独特性的价值是货币所无法表达出来的。第三部分论述西美尔对货币经济影响下现代人生活风格的分析,这是西美尔货币哲学思想的落脚点。西美尔认为,货币经济从三个方面对人的生活风格发生着影响。一是货币经济导致的现代生活的理性化特征,即货币经济的计量化给现代人带来了理性至上主义思想,情感对人的生活的影响作用越来越小。二是货币经济导致的现代“文化悲剧”,也就是主观文化和客观文化的分化,而在西美尔看来,主观文化和客观文化分裂的主要原因是现代社会劳动分工和生产专门化的发展。三是个体在现代都市生活中的内在心理体验,包括精于计算、犬儒主义、乐极生厌、矜持保留等。
[Abstract]:Georg Simmel was a philosopher who made great contributions to the field of monetary philosophy after Marx. He analyzed the profound changes in modern social life from the point of view of the unique social existence of money. Reflecting on the influence of monetary economy on the existence value and life style of human beings, Simmel, unlike Marx's criticism of modernity based on economic structure, finally confirms the individual's inner spiritual experience as the foothold to explore modernity. The interpretation of Simmel's monetary philosophy will reveal the contemporary echo of Marx's monetary philosophy from one side, thus promoting people's understanding of modernity at the same time, To deepen the understanding of the contemporary value meaning of Marx's philosophy. This paper takes Simmel's "philosophy of money" as the main text basis, The first part mainly studies Simmel's view of the essence of money. This is the basis and guide of Simmel's whole monetary philosophy. Simmel's analysis of the nature of money consists of two modules. First, he first discovered the premise that money can exist and gain meaning. In Simmel's view, The reason why society is able to produce is the exchange behavior of human beings. As a special social being, the meaning and status of money are also derived from exchange. Second, Simmel analyzes the essence of money in modern society from the external and internal directions. The so-called external direction means that money has become an abstract value symbol in the field of objective practice. The so-called internal direction means that money has become the ultimate aim of people's pursuit on the psychological level. The second part examines the influence of money on the intrinsic value of man, which is revealed by Simmel, including two aspects: first, Simmel thinks, The monetary economy has expanded human freedom, liberating people from fixed forms of labor, physical possession and fixed networks of relationships, which means the expansion of human freedom. Money brings freedom without giving a new direction to life. It deprives life of its fixed content and meaning, but it does not fill in new things, so this freedom is negative. Second, Simmel points out, The monetary economy devalues the value of people and things. The monetary economy, with its non-characteristic, objectivity and universal validity, becomes the yardstick of all values, and the value of things and people is all expressed as monetary value, but in fact, The third part discusses Simmel's analysis of modern people's life style under the influence of monetary economy, which is the foothold of Simmel's monetary philosophy. The monetary economy has an impact on the life style of human beings from three aspects. One is the rational characteristics of modern life caused by the monetary economy, that is, the metrology of the monetary economy has brought the rational supremacy thought to the modern people. The influence of emotion on human life is becoming smaller and smaller. The second is the modern "cultural tragedy" caused by the monetary economy, that is, the division between subjective and objective cultures. In Simmel's view, The main reason for the split between subjective culture and objective culture is the development of division of labor and specialization of production in modern society. Reserve, etc
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F820;F014

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