美国网络银行的发展及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-01 01:30

本文选题：美国　切入点：网络银行　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,美国金融结构的变化尤其是金融脱媒和利率市场化进程使得传统银行的经营模式亟待调整,微软、Intuit公司进军个人理财界更使传统银行步履维艰。在同一时期美国信息产业的高速发展以及互联网迅速普及的背景下,网络银行这种完全基于互联网的银行模式应运而生。网络银行的出现虽然对美国的金融市场产生了一些冲击,但并没有实现对传统金融业的颠覆。传统商业银行对于金融创新积极开放的态度使其主动接受新技术带来的革新,美国传统商业银行开始大规模网络化,在竞争愈演愈烈的美国金融市场上再次占据优势。网络银行具有很多天然的优势如成本低、交易方便等,但其并未发展成为美国银行业的主流,最直接的原因就是因为其盈利性不足,符合其要求的客户基数太小,缺乏雄厚的资金使其难以通过价格竞争迅速获得优势地位。此外,网络银行开展业务的灵活性太差,因此无法满足多样化的金融市场的需要。随着信息技术的发展,尽管网络银行的上述缺陷在一定程度上能够被技术进步弥补,但近年来金融科技在美国的发展如火如荼,各种创新型互联网金融产品层出不穷,网络银行想在其中脱颖而出十分困难。而且由于网络银行并未参与到新技术如区块链的研发中,因此网络银行在缺乏产品和技术创新的基础上很难再一次快速发展。中国互联网经济的发展也催生出了完全基于互联网的网络银行,但其仍处于最初阶段,而且我国金融环境更加复杂。应当在借鉴美国网络银行发展经验的基础上,发挥中国的特有优势,加快网络银行的发展。应当在加快利率市场化进程和放宽银行市场准入标准的基础上,进一步完善金融监管制度并注重金融消费者权益的保护。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, the changes in the financial structure of the United States, especially the financial disintermediation and interest rate marketization process, have made the operation mode of the traditional banks urgently need to be adjusted. Microsoft Intuit's foray into personal finance has made it harder for traditional banks to step forward. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the information industry in the United States and the rapid spread of the Internet during the same period, This completely Internet-based banking model emerged as the times require. Although the emergence of Internet banking has had some impact on the financial market in the United States, But it did not subvert the traditional financial industry. The traditional commercial banks' positive and open attitude towards financial innovation made them take the initiative to accept the innovations brought about by new technologies, and the traditional commercial banks of the United States began to network on a large scale. Internet banking has many natural advantages, such as low cost and convenient trading, but it has not developed into the mainstream of American banking. The most immediate reason is that its profitability is inadequate, its customer base is too small to meet its requirements, and the lack of abundant funds makes it difficult for it to gain an advantage quickly through price competition. In addition, Internet banks have too little flexibility to do business. With the development of information technology, although the above shortcomings of Internet banking can be remedied to some extent by technological progress, the development of financial technology in the United States has been in full swing in recent years. The emergence of a variety of innovative Internet financial products, network banking in which it is very difficult to stand out. And because network banking is not involved in new technologies such as block chain research and development, Therefore, it is very difficult for Internet banks to develop rapidly again on the basis of the lack of product and technological innovation. The development of China's Internet economy has also given birth to Internet banks based entirely on the Internet, but it is still in its initial stage. Moreover, the financial environment in China is more complicated. On the basis of drawing lessons from the development experience of US Internet banks, we should give full play to China's unique advantages. On the basis of speeding up the process of interest rate marketization and relaxing the market access standards of banks, we should further improve the financial supervision system and pay attention to the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F713.36;F831.2

【参考文献】