利率市场化背景下商业银行利差影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:42

本文选题：利率市场化 + 交易商模型　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国先前的利率管制背景下,净利息收入是商业银行的主要收入来源,也是用于衡量银行业实际经营水平的主要指标。近年来中国利率市场化改革不断深入,管理当局对存贷利差的管制逐步放松,银行业存贷款定价区间逐步扩大,这些变化将导致对净利差的保护作用减弱,商业银行将面临更大的竞争压力。尤其是2015年10月24日,人民银行下调了存贷款基准利率和存款准备金率,并宣布放开存款利率上限浮动区间,存款利率上限的放开标志着利率市场化改革大体上已经完成,理论上资金已经达到了自主定价的能力,银行过去以利息收入为主要收入来源的盈利模式将面临更加严峻的挑战。银行业如何面对利率市场化背景下的各种挑战,形成有效的自主定价能力,影响银行利差的主要因素发生了怎样的变化都成为了当前急需解决的问题。基于上述视角,根据Maudos-Guevara交易者模型,推导影响商业银行利差的主要因素,并结合商业银行实际经营状况和目前中国网络借贷不断涌现的现状选取控制变量,采用2007-2014年间35家银行的面板数据建立计量模型,首先对全体商业银行进行总体回归,以便从整体上分析商业银行净利差的决定因素,然后分别对国有银行、全国性股份制银行和城市商业银行进行回归分析,得到不同类型商业银行的利差决定因素,以便为各类型银行提出具有针对性的经营对策。按照文章写作思路,首先对国内、外已有的关于净利差决定因素的文献资料进行梳理、综述,从中分析提取得到文章的理论基础与可能的创新点,为后续研究提供理论与技术支持;其次,总结阐述学术界现有的净利差计算方法和利差影响因素相关理论;随后概括整理利率市场化改革的演变过程,分析近年来银行业净利差的变动趋势;再次,根据已有的理论模型结合中国的经济实情选定变量建立利差影响因素的计量模型,并运用相关数据进行实证分析、检验;最后,得出结论和对策建议。研究结果表明影响我国商业银行净利差的主要因素有:市场集中度、运营成本、风险厌恶程度、利率风险、信用风险、交易规模和网络借贷。对不同类型银行进行对比分析发现各类型商业银行净利差决定因素有所不同,国有银行净利差的主要影响因素为市场集中度和运营成本;股份制银行的净利差决定因素主要是运营成本和信用风险;影响城商行净利差的主要因素为风险厌恶程度、信用风险和网络借贷。而交易规模对三类银行的影响不一致,中间业务比对净利差的影响不显著。基于上述研究结论,得到几点启示:利率市场化背景下,商业银行应减少成本费用,提高经营效率;建立管理机制,强化风险管理;大力发展银行的中间业务,达到业务多元化;重互联网金融,开展混业经营。各类银行应根据自身特点进行有针对性的经营管理,国有银行、股份制银行应着力减少成本费用,而城商行应不断提升自身资产规模,增强竞争力,并努力发展互联网金融,力争业务创新。
[Abstract]:Under the background of China's previous interest rate control, net interest income is the main source of income of commercial banks and the main indicator to measure the actual operating level of the banking industry. In recent years, the reform of interest rate marketization in China has been deepening, the regulation of the management authorities on the deposit and loan spreads is gradually loosened, and the pricing range of the bank deposit and loan has been gradually expanded. Some changes will lead to the weakening of the net profit margin, and the commercial banks will face greater pressure of competition. In October 24, 2015, the people's Bank of China reduced the benchmark interest rate and the deposit reserve ratio, and announced the opening of the upper limit of the deposit interest rate range. The liberalization of the deposit interest rate limit symbolized the reform of the interest rate marketization. In theory, funds have already reached the ability of independent pricing, and the bank's past profit model with interest income as the main source of income will face a more severe challenge. How does the banking industry face various challenges under the background of interest rate marketization to form an effective independent pricing capability and how the main factors affecting Bank spreads have occurred Based on the above perspective, based on the Maudos-Guevara trader model, this paper derives the main factors that affect the profit margin of commercial banks, and combines the actual operating conditions of commercial banks and the current situation of China's network lending to select control variables, and uses 35 Banks in 2007-2014 years. The board data set up a measurement model, first of all, the overall return to all commercial banks, in order to analyze the determinants of the net profit margin of commercial banks from the whole, and then analyze the state-owned banks, national joint-stock banks and urban commercial banks respectively, and get the determinants of different types of commercial banks, so as to be different types of commercial banks. The bank puts forward the pertinent management countermeasures. According to the writing idea of the article, first of all, it reviews the literature on the determinants of net profit margin at home and abroad, summarizes the theoretical basis and possible innovation points of the article from the analysis and extraction, and provides theoretical and technical support for the follow-up research. Secondly, it summarizes the academic circles now. There are some related theories of net profit margin calculation and difference of influence factors; then, the evolution process of interest rate marketization reform is summarized, and the change trend of net profit margin of banking industry in recent years is analyzed. Thirdly, based on the existing theoretical model and the selected variables in China's economic real situation, the measurement model of the influence factors of the profit difference is set up, and the related data are used. The results show that the main factors that affect the net profit margin of China's commercial banks are market concentration, operation cost, risk aversion, interest rate risk, credit risk, transaction scale and network lending. The comparison and analysis of different types of banks find commercial banks of various types. The determinants of net margin difference are different. The main factors affecting net profit margin of state-owned banks are market concentration and operating cost; the main determinants of net profit margin of joint-stock banks are operation cost and credit risk, and the main factors affecting net profit margin of urban commercial banks are risk aversion, credit risk and network lending. The size of transaction is the three category. In the context of interest rate marketization, commercial banks should reduce cost and cost, improve operation efficiency, establish management mechanism, strengthen risk management, develop middle business of banks, achieve business diversification and heavy Internet. All kinds of banks should carry out targeted management according to their own characteristics. State-owned banks and joint-stock banks should make efforts to reduce cost and cost. The city business banks should constantly improve their own assets, enhance their competitiveness, and strive to develop Internet Finance and strive for business innovation.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.5;F832.33

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