清至民国内蒙古土默特地区的水权交易——兼与晋陕地区比较

发布时间：2018-04-26 09:35

本文选题：内蒙古 + 土默特　；参考：《近代史研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：在内蒙古学者整理出版的土默特地区契约文书中,有45件是以水权交易为主要内容,其中展示了清乾隆以来直至民国初期当地普遍的水权交易行为。受清代国家政策的制约,蒙古土地和水是不允许买卖的,蒙民通过私契的形式,采用租、典、佃的方式将水权转让给自内地移入的汉民使用,完成对水权的交易。就本质而言,将水从土地上分离出来进行单独交易,晋陕两省自明万历以来就已经出现。蒙地自乾隆五十六年(1791)开始出现的水权交易契约文书,与山西介休乾隆三十四年(1769)买卖水权的官契内容一致,显示了区域之间的内在联系,可视为内地水权观念在蒙地的一种移植。从以土地为中心到以水为中心,凸显了明清以来北方区域社会日益强烈的水权观念,是理解乡土中国社会经济变迁的一条新路径。
[Abstract]:Among the documents published by Inner Mongolia scholars, 45 are mainly about water right transaction, which shows the local water right trading behavior from Qianlong of Qing Dynasty to the early period of the Republic of China. Restricted by the state policy of the Qing Dynasty, Mongolian land and water were not allowed to be bought and sold. The Mongolian people transferred the water rights to the Han people who had moved in from the mainland through the form of private deeds, by means of rent, code and tenancy, so as to complete the transaction of water rights. In essence, separate water from the land for separate transactions, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces since Ming Wanli has appeared. The contract documents for water rights trading that began to appear in Mongolia since Qianlong 56) are consistent with the contents of the government leases for the sale and sale of water rights in the 34 years of Jiexiu Qianlong, Shanxi Province, showing the inherent links between the regions. It can be regarded as a transplant of the concept of water right in the hinterland. From taking land as the center to taking water as the center, it highlights the increasingly strong concept of water right in the northern regional society since the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is a new way to understand the social and economic changes of native China.
【作者单位】：山西大学中国社会史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“16世纪以来汾河流域的水利宗族与乡村社会”(13CZS058)的阶段性研究成果教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划山西省中青年拔尖创新人才项目山西省学术技术带头人项目的支持
【分类号】：F832.9;K29;TV213.4-09

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