虚拟货币及其扩展:初步思考

发布时间：2018-05-15 09:30

本文选题：虚拟货币 + 加密货币　；参考：《金融监管研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：随着信息加密和网络计算机技术日趋成熟,科技正在推动全球经济的转型变革。虚拟货币的产生在此过程中又显得至关重要。虚拟货币方案在许多情况下便于对等网络交互绕过传统的中央结算所。虚拟货币及其关联技术(特别是基于区块链的分布式账本)正在迅速发展,其未来前景难以预测。虚拟货币带来了许多潜在益处,包括更快速、高效的支付和转账等,并将最终促进普惠金融。一些虚拟货币方案背后的分布式账本技术提供的潜在益处将远超虚拟货币本身。但是,虚拟货币的出现也引发了许多潜在风险,如成为洗钱、恐怖融资、偷税漏税和欺诈等犯罪的工具。虚拟货币虽然目前的规模仍非常有限,对现阶段货币政策实施产生的风险亦甚微,但随着新技术的广泛应用,其对金融稳定产生的影响会日益显现。有关虚拟货币的有效监管对策还处于起步阶段。虚拟货币的在国家层面跨越了不同机构的职责,并在全球范围内操作,其监管难度很大。并且,许多虚拟货币在传统金融系统之外运作,缺乏透明度,其操作过程更难以被监管。各国监管机构已开始着手应对这些挑战且方式各异。需要注意的是,国家主管部门需认真权衡监管方式,既要适当处置风险又不能扼杀创新。为了在国家层面推进发展进程和促进政策的完善,国际层面也应进行更多努力。随着经验的不断积累,可考虑提出国际标准和最优方法,为不同领域的最优监管对策提供指导,从而促进跨辖区的协调。也可在此类标准基础上,为一些领域设立跨国合作和协调的框架。
[Abstract]:With the information encryption and network computer technology maturing day by day, science and technology is promoting the transformation of the global economy. The emergence of virtual currency is very important in this process. Virtual currency schemes facilitate peer-to-peer interactions around traditional central clearing houses in many cases. Virtual currency and its correlation technology (especially the distributed account book based on block chain) are developing rapidly and its future prospects are difficult to predict. Virtual currencies offer many potential benefits, including faster and more efficient payments and transfers, and will ultimately promote inclusive finance. The potential benefits offered by distributed bookkeeping technology behind some virtual currency schemes will far outweigh the virtual currency itself. However, the emergence of virtual currency also leads to many potential risks, such as money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and fraud. Although the scale of virtual currency is still very limited and the risk to the implementation of monetary policy is very small at present, with the wide application of new technology, its influence on financial stability will become more and more obvious. The effective supervision and control of virtual currency is still in its infancy. The regulation of virtual currencies, which transcends the responsibilities of different institutions at the national level and operates on a global scale, is difficult to regulate. Moreover, many virtual currencies operate outside the traditional financial system without transparency, making their operation more difficult to regulate. National regulators have begun to address these challenges in different ways. It is important to note that national authorities need to carefully balance regulatory approaches to properly address risks and not stifle innovation. More should be done at the international level in order to advance the development process and promote policy improvement at the national level. With the continuous accumulation of experience, international standards and optimal methods can be considered to provide guidance for optimal regulatory countermeasures in different fields, thus promoting cross-jurisdictional coordination. On the basis of such standards, a framework for transnational cooperation and coordination could also be established in a number of areas.
【作者单位】：中国人民银行乌鲁木齐中心支行;
【分类号】：F821;F49

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