部分国家小额信贷发展模式及对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-05 23:23

本文选题：小额信贷 + 农村　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着农业经济的不断发展以及产业结构的不断调整,农民对资金的需求越来越多,但是农村的金融市场是存在着一定的缺陷,目前没能有效的解决农户的信贷的需求,关于农户贷款这一块的问题仍然比较突出,阻碍了农村地区的经济以及整个社会的全面健康地发展。“借款难”,“难借款”成了农村借款者和小额信贷机构之间相互难以解决的矛盾。国外在小额信贷方面的研究领先于中国,其在不断的发展过程中得出了很多宝贵的有启示的经验。如孟加拉格莱珉银行模式、印度尼西亚人民银行模式以及玻利维亚阳光银行模式等,这些发展模式在经营理念和风险控制方面都有区别,但是他们在各自的国家发展的很好。中国农村的小额信贷发展到现在,也有一定的成果但是依然在一个试验探索的阶段,可以尝试借鉴国外成功的小额贷款模式来解决中国农村经济发展的金融需求。本文以贫困恶性循环理论、不完全竞争理论和信息不对称理论为基础,分析了发展小额信贷的必要性和紧迫性,阐述了中国小额贷款的发展及现状,发展阶段、发展模式,指出中国在小额信贷发展中面临的主要问题。采用比较分析方法,归纳部分国家和地区小额信贷基本情况、经营理念、组织结构、资金来源、贷款对象、贷款利率、风险管机制、经济效益与社会效益内涵。分析其成功经验,得出对中国小额信贷发展应加大政策支持,包括降低或减免有关小额信贷方面的税收和完善农业保险法;减少地方政府对银行的行政干预;明确非政府组织与小额信贷公司的法律地位;通过建立和完善小额信贷的相关立法、明确监管主体和监管原则以及创新监管技术等方面来完善中国小额信贷的监管体系;实行灵活合理的高利率;通过建立存款保证金、贷款保险基金和民营资本等来解决小额信贷机构的资金来源;通过设计抵押品和担保形式、建立公共小额信贷的征信系统、建立小额信贷网上管理系统、建构中心会议制度、贷款保险制度、分期还款制度和动态激励制度、创新中国小额信贷产品和组织员工和农户培训这些措施来加强小额信贷的风险控制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural economy and the constant adjustment of industrial structure, farmers' demand for funds is increasing. However, the rural financial market has some defects, and has not been able to effectively solve the credit needs of farmers. The problem of peasant household loan is still prominent, which hinders the overall and healthy development of rural economy and the whole society. "difficult to borrow" and "difficult to borrow" has become an intractable contradiction between rural borrowers and microfinance institutions. The research on microfinance abroad is ahead of that in China, and it has gained a lot of valuable and enlightening experiences in the process of continuous development. The Bangladesh Grameen Bank model, the Indonesian people's Bank model and the Bolivian Sunshine Bank model all differ in business philosophy and risk control, but they are well developed in their respective countries. There are still some achievements in the development of micro-credit in rural China, but it is still in a stage of experiment and exploration. We can try to learn from the successful microfinance model of foreign countries to solve the financial needs of the development of rural economy in China. Based on the theory of vicious circle of poverty, the theory of incomplete competition and the theory of information asymmetry, this paper analyzes the necessity and urgency of developing micro-credit, and expounds the development and present situation, stage and mode of development of microfinance in China. This paper points out the main problems that China faces in the development of microfinance. By using the method of comparative analysis, this paper sums up the basic situation, management idea, organization structure, source of funds, loan object, loan interest rate, risk management mechanism, economic benefit and social benefit of some countries and regions. Through the analysis of its successful experience, it is concluded that policy support should be increased for the development of micro-credit in China, including reducing or reducing taxes on micro-credit and perfecting agricultural insurance law, reducing the administrative intervention of local governments on banks; To clarify the legal status of NGOs and microfinance companies, to perfect the supervision system of Chinese microfinance by establishing and perfecting the relevant legislation of micro-credit, clarifying the subject and principle of supervision, and innovating the supervisory technology, etc. To implement flexible and reasonable high interest rates; to solve the sources of funds of microfinance institutions by establishing deposit deposits, loan insurance funds and private capital; and to establish a credit system for public microcredit through the design of collateral and guarantee forms. To establish a micro-credit online management system, to construct a central conference system, a loan insurance system, a installment repayment system and a dynamic incentive system, Innovate China's microfinance products and organize staff and farmers to train these measures to strengthen microfinance risk control.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.4

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