中国农村金融发展对农村资金外流影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:25

本文选题：农村资金外流 + 农村金融　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国农村经济长期处于落后状态,破解城乡“二元经济”难题,促进农村经济发展都离不开农村金融的支持,因为农村金融是农村经济实现“造血”功能的必要保障。2006年以后我国农村金融市场化改革从试点区域推广到了全国,农村金融机构的资产规模、物理网点数都得到大幅度提升,但是农村金融运作模式和金融工具创新以及配套政策措施却相对滞后于资本扩张的速度,致使无法有效发挥金融功能对当地农村地区进行有效投资,也未能提高资金在农村使用过程的效率,因此农村金融机构扩张过程中伴随着大量资金外流。大量农村资金外流不利于农村本地的资本的积累与经济可持续发展,并且挤占了很多当地发展农村经济的投资机会。本文先从农村金融发展和资金外流的趋势和现状出发,将农村金融发展历程和农村资金外流的趋势特点进行了梳理。然后,从机制角度分析农村金融导致资金外流的原因。经过现状分析和机制分析后,整理2005-2012年县域经济数据,收集了全国登记注册的216839个金融机构网点信息,按照我国县域行政区作为整合依据,将县域新增金融网点数的分布构建成农村金融机构扩张的多年动态数据。基于面板固定效应模型和工具变量模型等计量方法,分析了各类型的农村金融机构在政策红利条件下,其规模扩张对农村资金外流的影响情况。研究表明:第一,发现受到农村金融市场化影响,农村金融激增对农村地区资金向本地区之外流动影响比较显著。第二,农村金融机构对资金外流造成影响并非完全一致的。通过地域和经济发达程度划分东部、中部、西部地区分别进行资金外流的测算,发现东部地区资金外流不明显,且存在资金回流的迹象,这说明东部农村地区经济基础较好资金外流速度较慢。中部和西部地区成为了资金流出的重点地区。第三,在农村金融机构大肆扩张的同时农村地区资金源源不断的流到大中城市或者金融市场,农村资金比重越高的地区资金外流更加显著,这说明资金外流较高比例来自农村地区。农村金融发展的本质目标是发挥充分发挥金融中介功能,将农村资金投入到当地经济建设中以实现农村金融改革对“三农”扶持。本文认为将农村资金外流问题缘由笼统归于农村金融机构比较片面。本文建议从以下三个方面来着力改善农村资金外流问题:一是建立健全支农金融体系来控制农村资金外流;二是通过大力改善农村投资环境吸引资金回流;三是营造切合农村金融与农村经济“造血”发展的模式。
[Abstract]:China's rural economy has been in a backward state for a long time. To solve the problem of "dual economy" in urban and rural areas and to promote the development of rural economy can not be separated from the support of rural finance. Because rural finance is the necessary guarantee for rural economy to realize "hematopoiesis" function. Since 2006, the market-oriented reform of rural finance in China has been extended from the pilot area to the whole country. The scale of assets and the number of physical sites of rural financial institutions have been greatly increased. However, the mode of rural financial operation, the innovation of financial instruments and the supporting policies and measures lag behind the speed of capital expansion, which makes it impossible to make effective investment in the local rural areas by giving full play to the financial function. It also failed to improve the efficiency of the use of funds in rural areas, so the expansion of rural financial institutions accompanied by a large amount of capital outflow. A large amount of rural capital outflow is not conducive to the accumulation of rural capital and the sustainable development of the economy, and it occupies a lot of local investment opportunities to develop rural economy. Based on the trend and present situation of rural financial development and capital outflow, this paper combs the development course of rural finance and the trend characteristics of rural capital outflow. Then, from the mechanism angle, analyzes the rural finance causes the fund outflow reason. After analyzing the current situation and mechanism, collating the county economic data from 2005 to 2012, collecting the information of 216839 financial institution outlets registered in the whole country, according to the county administrative region of our country as the basis of integration, The distribution of the new financial network points in the county area is constructed as the dynamic data of the expansion of rural financial institutions for many years. Based on the panel fixed effect model and the tool variable model, this paper analyzes the influence of the scale expansion of various rural financial institutions on the rural capital outflow under the condition of policy dividend. The results show that: first, it is found that the surge of rural finance has a significant impact on the flow of funds to the outside of the rural areas under the influence of the marketization of rural finance. Second, the impact of rural financial institutions on capital outflows is not entirely consistent. By dividing the region and the degree of economic development into the eastern, central and western regions, the capital outflow is calculated separately. It is found that the capital outflow in the eastern region is not obvious, and there are signs of capital flowing back. This indicates that the economic base of the eastern rural areas is better than the speed of capital outflow. The central and western regions have become key areas for capital outflows. Third, while rural financial institutions are expanding wantonly, funds in rural areas continue to flow to large and medium-sized cities or financial markets. The higher the proportion of rural funds, the more significant the outflow of funds from areas is. This shows that a high proportion of capital outflows come from rural areas. The essential goal of rural financial development is to give full play to the function of financial intermediation and put rural funds into the local economic construction in order to realize the rural financial reform to support the "three rural areas". This paper holds that the reasons for the outflow of rural funds are generally attributed to the rural financial institutions. This paper proposes to improve the outflow of rural funds from the following three aspects: first, to establish and improve the financial system for supporting agriculture to control the outflow of rural funds; Third, to create a suitable rural finance and rural economy, "hematopoiesis" development model.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.35

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