从高利贷禁令到例外原则——论中世纪西欧消费借贷的差别化管理

发布时间：2018-07-23 07:46

【摘要】：中世纪早期西欧的有偿借贷以生活性的消费借贷为主。为保护穷人,教会和世俗国家对有偿消费借贷即高利贷分别采取禁止和限制政策,从查理曼开始世俗国家第一次将高利贷禁令用于普通人。中世纪中期商业革命兴起,在传统生活性消费借贷的基础上商业性和生产性消费借贷日益增加。为了管理这两类不同性质的消费借贷,教会一方面将高利贷法系统化,继续禁止生活性的有偿借贷;另一方面又将生产性和商业性的消费借贷视为高利贷法的例外情况,允许其有偿借贷或利息合法化。罗马法研究的复兴使世俗国家获取有关保护债权的理念和债法的法律知识,普通法中的债务立法和司法救助应运而生。就此,中世纪中晚期西欧形成了生活性和生产性、商业性消费借贷的差别化管理模式,有利于资本市场的发展。
[Abstract]:In the early Middle Ages, paid lending in Western Europe was dominated by living consumer lending. In order to protect the poor, the church and the secular state adopted the prohibition and restriction policy to the paid consumption loan, that is, usury, and the secular state applied the usury ban to ordinary people for the first time since Charlemagne. In the middle of the Middle Ages, the commercial and productive consumption borrowing on the basis of the traditional living consumption loan increased day by day. In order to manage these two different types of consumer lending, the church, on the one hand, systematizes usury and continues to prohibit living paid lending; on the other hand, it regards productive and commercial consumer lending as an exception to usury. Allow for the legalization of paid loans or interest. The revival of Roman law made the secular country acquire the legal knowledge about the idea of protecting the creditor's rights and the law of debt, and the debt legislation and the judicial aid in the common law came into being. Therefore, in the middle and late Middle Ages, Western Europe formed a differentiated management mode of living and productive, commercial consumption and lending, which was beneficial to the development of capital market.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学历史系;
【分类号】：F831.9

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