两晋货币史的考古学观察

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:34

【摘要】：魏晋南北朝是中国历史上的大分裂时期,频繁的战乱给两晋社会带来极大的冲击,经济遭到破坏,货币体系混乱。史料中关于两晋时期货币经济的记载少见,甚至是并未提及。毋庸置疑,当时的商品经济虽受到社会动荡的极大影响,但却并非完全衰败,商业活动在一定程度上仍然存在,商品经济得到缓慢的发展。商业的继续发展证明货币依旧在流通中。由于两晋时期并没有铸造过本朝货币,学术界对于两晋时期货币使用的看法主要是实物货币代替了金属货币在市场上流通,但从两晋墓葬及窖藏出土的钱币可以看出,金属货币不仅没有消失,反而依旧被广泛的使用并被窖藏。本文试图在前人的研究基础上,通过对两晋墓葬、窖藏出土钱币的考察,来初步研究两晋时期货币流通情况。本文主要运用考古类型学、统计学和年代学等科学方法,对两晋墓葬和窖藏中出土的钱币的研究,在前人先贤已有的研究成果的基础上,对两晋货币史进行研究,从而通过考古材料来印证史料、补充史料。本文内容大致包括:第一部分绪论,叙述了本文的研究目的和意义以及学术研究回顾。对两晋时期流通货币进行研究的意义,在于能够反映出当时货币流通情况、商品经济发展状况以及两晋时期货币的历史发展状况,而通过考察考古墓葬中出土的钱币则能够更为直观的了解到两晋货币经济的情况。第二部分两晋时期社会经济与货币发展状况,介绍两晋时期社会经济与历史背景。两晋时期商品经济一定程度上存在,并且社会风气奢侈,金钱崇拜严重,货币依旧在当时社会上流通着。同时介绍了记载有关于两晋货币的文献,大致情况为可信的历史资料不多,专著专论也较少,且关于两晋货币的内容结论大多相似。第三部分考古发现两晋墓葬出土货币概况,包括两晋墓葬的分布与发现状况、西晋时期墓葬出土货币概况、东晋时期墓葬出土货币概况。本部分收集了全国范围内公开发表的相关发掘报告及资料,根据西晋、东晋两个时期分类,并整理出表格以方便查看。第四部分有关问题的考古学探讨,包括西晋墓葬出土货币的类型学分析、东晋时期出土货币的类型学分析、两晋时期墓葬出土货币特点以及从出土资料来看两晋货币流通。在前人研究的基础上,对两晋墓葬和窖藏中出土的钱币进行对比分析,归纳分类,得出出土钱币在种类、数量以及地区上的特点,最后与当时历史社会背景结合,加以总结分析。第五部分结语。将本文主要内容进行总结,指出本文的不足之处,希望本文能够为研究两晋货币发展情况提供绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties was a period of great division in Chinese history. The frequent war brought great impact to the society of Jin Dynasty, the economy was destroyed, and the monetary system was chaotic. The historical records about the currency economy in the Jin Dynasty are rare, even not mentioned. There is no doubt that the commodity economy at that time was greatly affected by social turbulence, but it was not completely decayed. Commercial activities still existed to some extent, and the commodity economy developed slowly. The continued development of business proves that money is still in circulation. Since there was no foundry of this dynasty currency in the Jin Dynasty, the view of the academic community on the use of the currency in the Jin Dynasty was mainly that the physical currency had replaced the metal currency in circulation in the market, but it could be seen from the tombs of the Jin Dynasty and the coins unearthed in the pit of the Jin Dynasty. Instead of disappearing, metal money is still widely used and hoarded. On the basis of previous studies, this paper attempts to study the circulation of money in the Jin Dynasty through the investigation of the tombs and cellars of the two Jin dynasties. This paper mainly uses the scientific methods of archaeological typology, statistics and chronology to study the money unearthed in the tombs and cellars of the two Jin dynasties, and on the basis of the previous research achievements of the forefathers and sages, to study the monetary history of the two Jin dynasties. Thus through archaeological materials to confirm the historical data, to supplement the historical data. The content of this paper includes: the first part is introduction, narrates the purpose and significance of this paper and the review of academic research. The significance of the study on currency circulation in the Jin Dynasty lies in its ability to reflect the circulation of money at that time, the development of commodity economy and the historical development of currency in the Jin Dynasty. And through the examination of ancient tombs unearthed coins can more intuitively understand the situation of the monetary economy in the Jin Dynasty. The second part introduces the social economy and the historical background of the Jin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, the commodity economy existed to a certain extent, and the social atmosphere was extravagant, the money worship was serious, the currency was still circulating in the society at that time. At the same time, it introduces the literature about the currency of the two Jin dynasties. The general situation is that there are few reliable historical materials, the monographs are also less, and the contents of the currency of the two Jin dynasties are mostly similar. The third part is the general situation of the currency unearthed from the tomb of the two Jin dynasties, including the distribution and discovery of the tombs of the two Jin dynasties, the general situation of the currency unearthed in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the general situation of the currency unearthed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This part collects the relevant excavation reports and materials published nationwide, classifies the two periods according to the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and arranges the tables for easy viewing. The fourth part of the archaeological discussion, including the Western Jin Dynasty tomb unearthed currency typology analysis, the Eastern Jin Dynasty unearthed currency type analysis, the two Jin Dynasty tombs unearthed currency characteristics and unearthed data from the two Jin Dynasty currency circulation. On the basis of previous studies, the paper makes a comparative analysis of the coins unearthed in the tombs and cellars of the two Jin dynasties, summarizes and classifies them, obtains the characteristics of the kinds, quantities and regions of the coins unearthed, and finally combines them with the historical and social background at that time. Sum up and analyze. Conclusion of the fifth part. This paper summarizes the main contents of this paper, points out the shortcomings of this paper, and hopes that this paper can provide a modest force for the study of the development of currency in the two Jin dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K875.6

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