美元霸权与欧洲金融安全

发布时间：2018-08-08 13:55

【摘要】：美元霸权对于美国国家利益和国际地位至关重要,使美国能够享有"嚣张的特权"。欧元诞生后成为美元"唯一的竞争者",也成为美国警惕和遏制的对象。2008年金融危机后,美国为继续维系货币霸权,利用国际货币体系这一机制向欧元区转嫁风险,具体做法包括金融机构在市场做空欧元、评级机构打压欧洲债务国、舆论唱衰欧元前景、政府拒绝国际金融监管改革要求等。受此影响,欧洲金融安全受到严重冲击,银行业坏账大幅上升,欧元国际地位下滑,经济陷入"双底衰退",欧元区甚至一度面临解体风险。为保障金融安全,欧洲采取了多项措施:通过建立欧洲稳定机制、银行联盟等手段加快弥补单一货币区的机制缺陷;执行严格的紧缩政策,提升经济竞争力;欧洲央行政策弹性增加,更多承担"最后贷款人角色";严格规范评级市场,尤其警告美国评级霸权。通过对欧洲政策的分析可以看出,由于难以形成与美国抗衡的"国家意志"、整体战略资源有限、在安全问题上难以摆脱对美依赖等因素,欧元区维系金融安全的主要思路是"自我修复",针对美国的应对措施和能力有限。这意味着,美元霸权将继续是影响欧洲金融安全的外部因素。
[Abstract]:Dollar hegemony is vital to America's national interests and international standing, enabling it to enjoy "arrogant privileges." Since the birth of the euro, it has become the "only competitor" to the dollar, and has also become the object of US vigilance and containment. After the 2008 financial crisis, the United States, in order to maintain its currency hegemony, used the international monetary system to transfer risks to the euro zone. These include short market bets on the euro by financial institutions, a crackdown on European debtors by rating agencies, public opinion on the euro's prospects, and government rejection of international financial regulatory reform demands. European financial security has been hit hard, bad loans in the banking sector have risen sharply, the euro has slipped in international standing, the economy has plunged into a "double-dip recession" and the euro zone has even faced the risk of break-up. In order to ensure financial security, Europe has adopted several measures, such as establishing a European stability mechanism, banking union and other means to speed up the mechanism defects of the single currency area, to implement strict austerity policies to enhance economic competitiveness; The ECB's policy flexibility has increased, with more "lender of last resort" roles; strict regulation of the rating market, in particular warning of U.S. rating hegemony. Through the analysis of European policy, we can see that because it is difficult to form a "national will" to compete with the United States, the overall strategic resources are limited, and it is difficult to get rid of the dependence on the United States on security issues, and so on. The main idea for the euro zone to maintain financial security is to "repair itself," with limited U.S. response and capacity. This means that dollar hegemony will continue to be an external factor affecting European financial security.
【作者单位】：中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所;
【分类号】：F831

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