文化距离对中国OFDI企业进入模式的影响：东道国制度特征的调节作用

发布时间：2018-11-24 20:39

【摘要】：OFDI企业的海外进入模式一直是学术界研究的热点,文化距离对进入模式的影响是涉及最多的因素。以往学者的研究结果存在争论:一部分学者认为,文化距离越大,跨国公司越会加强对子公司的控制水平;另一部分学者认为,文化距离越大,跨国公司会减弱对子公司的控制水平。为了进一步论证这个问题,本文假设并且得出结果——文化距离越大,企业越倾向于加强对子公司的控制,即偏好采用绿地的进入模式。并且,东道国制度特征会调节文化距离对企业海外进入模式的影响。本文首先阐述了文化距离、制度环境的概念和内涵,然后根据相关经济学理论和现有参考文献提出了研究假设。在理论层面上,本文分析了文化距离影响企业海外进入模式的机理和东道国制度环境对这种影响实施调节作用的机理。在实证方面,本文通过选取158个在海外具有分公司的中国企业为样本数据,结合企业微观数据和东道国宏观数据进行实证分析。通过建立二项logistic回归模型,本文分析实证结果并得出以下结论:文化距离确实对中国OFDI企业海外进入方式存在显著影响,这种影响表现为文化距离越大,企业越偏好于绿地方式进入,文化距离越小,企业越偏好于合资方式进入。本文同时验证了东道国政府对FDI态度正向调节文化距离对OFDI企业进入模式的选择,即随着文化距离的增加,东道国政府对FDI态度越好,跨国公司选择合资进入的可能性会降低。而东道国制度特征的另外两个维度——国家风险和东道国政府治理的调节效应,在实证结果中效用并不显著,因此,没有得到很好的验证。基于上述研究结论,本文从政府和企业两个主体出发提出如下对应措施:政府可以从资金、税收、外汇结算三个方面制定优惠的经济政策,帮助企业在走出去过程中获得切实的优惠并提升国际市场的竞争力;企业可以从提高核心竞争力、积累跨国经营经验、学习和借鉴国外的先进技术三个方面去更好地融入经济全球化的浪潮中。
[Abstract]:The overseas entry mode of OFDI enterprises has always been a hot topic in academic circles, and the influence of cultural distance on entry mode is the most involved factor. Some scholars believe that the greater the cultural distance, the more the multinational companies will strengthen the level of control over their subsidiaries; Another part of scholars believe that the greater the cultural distance, multinational companies will weaken the level of control over their subsidiaries. In order to further demonstrate this problem, this paper hypothesizes and draws the conclusion that the larger the cultural distance, the more the enterprises tend to strengthen the control of their subsidiaries, that is, they prefer to adopt the green space entry mode. Moreover, the characteristics of host country system will adjust the influence of cultural distance on the overseas entry mode. This paper first expounds the concept and connotation of cultural distance and institutional environment, and then puts forward the research hypotheses according to the relevant economic theories and existing references. On the theoretical level, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of cultural distance on enterprises' overseas entry mode and the mechanism of the host country's institutional environment regulating the influence. In the empirical aspect, this paper selects 158 Chinese enterprises with branches overseas as the sample data, combines the micro data of enterprises and the macro data of the host country to carry on the empirical analysis. Through the establishment of a binomial logistic regression model, this paper analyzes the empirical results and draws the following conclusions: the cultural distance does have a significant impact on the overseas entry mode of Chinese OFDI enterprises, which is manifested by the greater the cultural distance. The more the enterprises prefer to enter the greenbelt, the smaller the cultural distance, the more the enterprises prefer to enter the joint venture. This paper also verifies that the attitude of host government to FDI positively adjusts the cultural distance to the choice of entry mode of OFDI enterprises, that is, with the increase of cultural distance, the better the attitude of host government towards FDI, the lower the possibility of multinational corporations choosing joint venture entry. However, the other two dimensions of the characteristics of host country system, the national risk and the regulatory effect of host government governance, are not significant in the empirical results, so they are not well verified. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the following corresponding measures from the two main bodies of government and enterprise: the government can formulate preferential economic policies from three aspects: capital, tax and foreign exchange settlement. To help enterprises to obtain practical benefits in the process of going out and to enhance the competitiveness of the international market; Enterprises can better integrate into the tide of economic globalization from three aspects: improving core competitiveness, accumulating transnational management experience, learning and learning from foreign advanced technology.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6

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