美国消费金融发展研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 15:19

【摘要】：美国是世界经济的领导者,其经济总量、科技发展及金融模式都处于世界领先的地位。早在20世纪20年代消费金融就已在美国出现萌芽,美国正是消费金融的发源地与世界领跑者。近年来,美国个人消费占GDP比例超过三分之二,消费水平如此之高必然离不开消费金融服务的支持。消费金融作为消费的“助推器”,在支持经济增长、提高消费者生活水平及分散风险等方面有着积极地作用。随着经济及科学技术的发展,美国消费金融体系不断完善,并形成了成熟的风险防控机制。美国消费金融系统的法律保障、全面的征信机制及审慎的监管体系确保了市场的公平、有序运行,且实现了对信用风险、操作风险及市场风险的及时预防与控制。目前,我国消费金融处于初步发展阶段,存在着法律体制不健全、征信机制不完善及缺乏有效的监管等问题。国务院2015年提出“积极发挥新消费引领作用,加快培育形成新供给新动力”并将消费金融作为我国经济转型发展阶段的重要战略举措。因而,研究美国消费金融并借鉴其经验教训来促进我国消费金融发展及体制完善意义重大。本文首先介绍了消费金融的概念及相关理论基础,分析了美国消费金融得以产生发展的动因,根据美国经济发展的阶段性归纳出消费金融的发展历程,并总结出美国消费金融的三大特点。其次剖析了美国消费金融的风险防控机制,主要包括美国消费金融的法律机制、征信机制及监管机制共同作用下对各类风险的防范与控制。然后阐述了美国消费金融对于消费者、金融机构及宏观经济的积极影响与消极影响,并对其未来发展趋势进行了预测。最后通过分析我国消费金融发展现状,并借鉴美国消费金融发展的经验教训,为我国消费金融的发展提出建议。
[Abstract]:The United States is a leader in the world economy, and its economic volume, scientific and technological development and financial model are in the leading position in the world. As early as the 1920s, consumer finance appeared in the United States, which is the birthplace of consumer finance and the world leader. In recent years, the proportion of American personal consumption to GDP is more than 2/3, so high consumption level must depend on the support of consumer financial services. As a booster of consumption, consumer finance plays a positive role in supporting economic growth, improving consumers' living standards and dispersing risks. With the development of economy, science and technology, the consumptive financial system of the United States has been perfected, and a mature mechanism of risk prevention and control has been formed. The legal guarantee of the American consumer financial system, the comprehensive credit investigation mechanism and the prudent supervision system ensure the fair and orderly operation of the market, and realize the timely prevention and control of the credit risk, the operational risk and the market risk. At present, China's consumer finance is in the initial stage of development, there are some problems such as imperfect legal system, imperfect credit investigation mechanism and lack of effective supervision. In 2015, the State Council put forward "actively bring into play the leading role of new consumption, accelerate the cultivation of new supply and form new power" and regard consumer finance as an important strategic measure in the stage of economic transformation and development in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to study American consumer finance and draw lessons from its experience to promote the development and system improvement of consumer finance in China. This paper first introduces the concept and related theoretical basis of consumer finance, analyzes the causes of the development of consumer finance in the United States, and sums up the development course of consumer finance according to the stages of American economic development. And summarizes the three major characteristics of American consumer finance. Secondly, it analyzes the risk prevention and control mechanism of American consumer finance, including the legal mechanism of American consumer finance, the prevention and control of all kinds of risks under the joint action of credit investigation mechanism and supervision mechanism. Then it expounds the positive and negative effects of American consumer finance on consumers, financial institutions and macro economy, and forecasts its future development trend. Finally, by analyzing the current situation of consumer finance development in China, and drawing lessons from the experience and lessons of American consumer finance development, some suggestions are put forward for the development of consumer finance in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F837.12

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