基于因子分析法对中国商业银行竞争力的分析
发布时间：2019-04-25 07:12
【摘要】：随着中国经济在稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生以及防风险中进入新常态,商业银行开始不断面临新的挑战和机遇。一方面,实体经济增速的放缓使得商业银行难以维持以往的高利差,信用风险的逐步增加削弱了商业银行的风险抵补能力,互联网金融的快速发展逐步挤占了商业银行的经营空间。另一方面,利率市场化基本完成,商业银行具有了利率的自主定价权;信贷资产证券化开始实行注册制,银行调整资产端期限结构的能力得到提高;大额存单业务逐步发展,银行主动管理负债端的能力得以增强。面对多重因素所带来的影响,商业银行如何充分运用自身资源,通过调整和改革经营模式,提升竞争力以适应经济新常态,成为其所必须面临的问题。在此背景下,有必要对中国商业银行的竞争力进行分析。本文从国有商业银行、股份制商业银行、地方性商业银行这三类银行中选取19家作为研究样本,选用反映商业银行盈利能力、安全能力、流动能力以及发展能力的12项研究指标,利用因子分析法对商业银行2011年至2015年的竞争力情况进行了实证分析。分析的结果表明,对于商业银行竞争力来说,安全能力是目前影响最大的因子,发展能力的重要性紧随其后,排在第三位的是盈利能力,而流动能力的影响程度最小。就银行类别而言,国有商业银行凭借其悠久的经营历史和雄厚的资金实力,拥有较为有利的定价权,可以实现较高的盈利,因此整体在盈利能力和流动能力上表现较好,不过银行之间差异明显,存在着平稳型和波动型的分别。地方性商业银行则借助其地缘优势和灵活多变的经营策略,及时调整战略重心,获得了新常态下的主动权,因此在安全能力方面优势显著,且大多处于上升态势,在发展能力上也有不错的表现。而股份制商业银行由于缺乏前两者的竞争优势导致竞争力减弱,总体成绩则处于中等水平且有一定的下降倾向,但仍然有银行可以充分利用政策支持,及时采取相关措施应对新常态,从而保持了较好的竞争力。在分析的基础上,本文认为在新常态下,商业银行提高自身竞争力的策略应该为:首先,控制不良贷款,保证安全能力;其次,发挥各自优势,提升发展能力;再有,着力保障收益,增强盈利能力;最后,加强资金运用,兼顾流动能力。在提出政策建议时,本文从安全能力、发展能力、盈利能力以及流动能力等四个方面出发,结合经济新常态下商业银行所能运用的新工具新方法,针对三类商业银行的各自特点,有针对性地对各类商业银行提出了相关建议,以促进我国商业银行更好地适应新常态,提高自身竞争力,实现平稳健康发展。
[Abstract]:With China's economy growing steadily, promoting reform, restructuring, improving people's livelihood and preventing risks into the new normal, commercial banks are beginning to face new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the slowing growth of the real economy makes it difficult for commercial banks to maintain the high interest rate spreads in the past, and the gradual increase of credit risks weakens the ability of commercial banks to offset risks. The rapid development of Internet finance has gradually occupied the business space of commercial banks. On the other hand, interest rate marketization is basically completed, commercial banks have the independent pricing right of interest rate, credit asset securitization begins to carry out registration system, and the ability of bank to adjust the term structure of asset end is improved. With the gradual development of large deposits, the ability of banks to actively manage the debt side has been enhanced. Faced with the influence of multiple factors, it is necessary for commercial banks to make full use of their own resources, adjust and reform their business models, and enhance their competitiveness to adapt to the new normal of the economy. In this context, it is necessary to analyze the competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks. In this paper, from the state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, local commercial banks of these three types of banks selected 19 as research samples, choose to reflect the profitability of commercial banks, security ability, This paper analyzes the competitiveness of commercial banks from 2011 to 2015 by using factor analysis in 12 indicators of mobility and development ability. The results show that, for the competitiveness of commercial banks, safety ability is the most influential factor at present, and the importance of development ability is next, the third is profitability, while the mobility ability has the least influence. As far as the banking category is concerned, state-owned commercial banks, with their long operating history and strong capital strength, have a more favourable pricing power and can achieve higher profits, so the overall performance of the whole bank is better in terms of profitability and mobility. However, there are obvious differences between the banks, there are stable and fluctuating type of difference. Local commercial banks rely on their geographical advantages and flexible management strategies to adjust the strategic center of gravity in time to obtain the initiative under the new normal, so in terms of security capabilities, the advantages are significant, and most of them are in an upward trend. In the development ability also has the good performance. However, due to the lack of competitive advantages of the former two, the joint-stock commercial banks have weakened their competitiveness, and their overall achievements are at a moderate level and tend to decline to a certain extent, but there are still some banks that can make full use of the policy support. Timely take relevant measures to deal with the new normal, so as to maintain a better competitiveness. On the basis of the analysis, this paper thinks that under the new normal condition, the strategies for commercial banks to improve their competitiveness should be as follows: first, controlling non-performing loans to ensure safety; secondly, giving play to their respective advantages and improving their development ability; In addition, focus on the protection of income, enhance profitability; finally, strengthen the use of funds, taking into account mobility. When putting forward policy suggestions, this paper starts from four aspects: security ability, development ability, profitability and mobility, and combines the new tools and new methods that commercial banks can use under the new economic normal. In view of the respective characteristics of the three types of commercial banks, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to all kinds of commercial banks in order to promote the commercial banks of our country to adapt better to the new normal, to improve their competitiveness and to achieve steady and healthy development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.33
[Abstract]:With China's economy growing steadily, promoting reform, restructuring, improving people's livelihood and preventing risks into the new normal, commercial banks are beginning to face new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the slowing growth of the real economy makes it difficult for commercial banks to maintain the high interest rate spreads in the past, and the gradual increase of credit risks weakens the ability of commercial banks to offset risks. The rapid development of Internet finance has gradually occupied the business space of commercial banks. On the other hand, interest rate marketization is basically completed, commercial banks have the independent pricing right of interest rate, credit asset securitization begins to carry out registration system, and the ability of bank to adjust the term structure of asset end is improved. With the gradual development of large deposits, the ability of banks to actively manage the debt side has been enhanced. Faced with the influence of multiple factors, it is necessary for commercial banks to make full use of their own resources, adjust and reform their business models, and enhance their competitiveness to adapt to the new normal of the economy. In this context, it is necessary to analyze the competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks. In this paper, from the state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, local commercial banks of these three types of banks selected 19 as research samples, choose to reflect the profitability of commercial banks, security ability, This paper analyzes the competitiveness of commercial banks from 2011 to 2015 by using factor analysis in 12 indicators of mobility and development ability. The results show that, for the competitiveness of commercial banks, safety ability is the most influential factor at present, and the importance of development ability is next, the third is profitability, while the mobility ability has the least influence. As far as the banking category is concerned, state-owned commercial banks, with their long operating history and strong capital strength, have a more favourable pricing power and can achieve higher profits, so the overall performance of the whole bank is better in terms of profitability and mobility. However, there are obvious differences between the banks, there are stable and fluctuating type of difference. Local commercial banks rely on their geographical advantages and flexible management strategies to adjust the strategic center of gravity in time to obtain the initiative under the new normal, so in terms of security capabilities, the advantages are significant, and most of them are in an upward trend. In the development ability also has the good performance. However, due to the lack of competitive advantages of the former two, the joint-stock commercial banks have weakened their competitiveness, and their overall achievements are at a moderate level and tend to decline to a certain extent, but there are still some banks that can make full use of the policy support. Timely take relevant measures to deal with the new normal, so as to maintain a better competitiveness. On the basis of the analysis, this paper thinks that under the new normal condition, the strategies for commercial banks to improve their competitiveness should be as follows: first, controlling non-performing loans to ensure safety; secondly, giving play to their respective advantages and improving their development ability; In addition, focus on the protection of income, enhance profitability; finally, strengthen the use of funds, taking into account mobility. When putting forward policy suggestions, this paper starts from four aspects: security ability, development ability, profitability and mobility, and combines the new tools and new methods that commercial banks can use under the new economic normal. In view of the respective characteristics of the three types of commercial banks, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to all kinds of commercial banks in order to promote the commercial banks of our country to adapt better to the new normal, to improve their competitiveness and to achieve steady and healthy development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.33
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