基于能耗模拟及生命周期评价的武汉高层住宅建筑的生态化设计研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 09:41

本文关键词： 建筑能耗模拟建筑生命周期评价可用性验证住宅建筑生态化设计　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑能耗及环境影响已成为我国可持续发展的一大阻碍。将建筑能耗模拟技术与建筑生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)方法相结合能够从生命周期的角度对建筑的能耗及环境影响进行定量化评估。本文引入法国建筑物热模拟工具COMFIE及建筑物LCA工具EQUER,以武汉地区某高层住宅建筑为研究案例,通过实验验证COMFIE在武汉气候特征下的可用性,同时运用能耗模拟及LCA思想分析其环境负荷特点,并更进一步地研究武汉高层住宅建筑的生态化设计。本文首先对建筑传热理论及LCA理论进行了研究。分析了建筑物中的传热途径及能量平衡,总结了建筑LCA的基本技术框架,定义了适合于本研究的LCA目的及范围,并利用12个环境指标来综合全面地评价建筑物生命周期中的环境影响。其次,对研究案例进行了热模拟及实验验证。结果发现研究案例中热域的划分及附近遮阳均会对建筑物热性能产生极大影响。模拟结果与实验测量数据匹配程度较好,证明建筑物热模拟软件COMFIE在武汉气候下有着良好的可用性。再次,对研究案例进行了生命周期评价。结果显示研究案例在80年的寿命内会释放76千吨左右的CO2eq,并消耗约合2亿7千万kWh的能源,平均每年约耗330万kWh能源。生命周期四个阶段的总环境负荷大小为:使用建造维护拆除。针对研究案例LCA结果特点,分析了节能减排的能力及潜力,发现本利用地源热泵进行采暖空调的研究案例具有良好的节能减排能力,保温技术在武汉气候下是行之有效的;然而光伏建筑一体化技术并不适合屋顶面积较小的高层住宅建筑。最后,基于能耗模拟及生命周期评价对武汉高层住宅建筑物进行了生态化设计研究。从减少建筑能耗负荷的角度出发,分析了保温层及自然通风对能耗的影响;并比较了五种供热方法对高层住宅建筑的环境负荷的影响。结果表明保温层厚度存在最优值,一般而言自然通风越小热负荷越小,集中式供热方式可有效减小建筑的环境负荷。本文研究方法及成果可为武汉地区高层住宅建筑的生态化设计提供参考。
[Abstract]:Building energy consumption and environmental impact have become a big obstacle to the sustainable development of our country. The simulation technology of building energy consumption and the evaluation of building life Cycle Assessment are discussed. LCA). Methods the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings can be quantitatively evaluated from the point of view of life cycle. In this paper, the French building thermal simulation tool COMFIE and the building LCA tool EQUER are introduced. Taking a high-rise residential building in Wuhan area as a case study, the availability of COMFIE under the climatic characteristics of Wuhan is verified through experiments. Meanwhile, energy consumption simulation and LCA are used to analyze the characteristics of environmental load. Furthermore, the ecological design of Wuhan high-rise residential building is studied. Firstly, the heat transfer theory and LCA theory are studied in this paper, and the heat transfer path and energy balance in the building are analyzed. This paper summarizes the basic technical framework of architectural LCA, defines the purpose and scope of LCA suitable for this study, and uses 12 environmental indicators to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact in the building life cycle. The thermal simulation and experimental verification of the study case are carried out. The results show that the division of the thermal domain and the nearby sunshade will greatly affect the thermal performance of the building. The simulation results match well with the experimental data. It is proved that the building thermal simulation software COMFIE has good usability in Wuhan climate. A life cycle evaluation of the study case shows that the study case releases about 76,000 tons of CO2eq over a life span of 80 years and consumes about 270 million kWh of energy. The average annual energy consumption is about 3.3 million kWh. The total environmental load of the four stages of the life cycle is as follows: the use of construction and maintenance demolition. According to the characteristics of the LCA results of the case study. After analyzing the capacity and potential of energy saving and emission reduction, it is found that the research case of using ground source heat pump for heating and air conditioning has a good ability of energy saving and emission reduction, and the insulation technology is effective in Wuhan climate. However, photovoltaic building integration technology is not suitable for high-rise residential buildings with small roof area. Finally. Based on energy consumption simulation and life cycle evaluation, the ecological design of high-rise residential buildings in Wuhan is studied. The influence of insulation layer and natural ventilation on energy consumption is analyzed from the point of view of reducing building energy consumption load. The effects of five heating methods on the environmental load of high-rise residential buildings are compared. The results show that the thickness of insulation layer has an optimum value, and generally speaking, the smaller the natural ventilation, the smaller the heat load. Centralized heating can effectively reduce the environmental load of buildings. The research method and results of this paper can provide reference for the ecological design of high-rise residential buildings in Wuhan area.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.8;TU111.195

【参考文献】