基于BIM的施工项目成本管理研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 21:01

本文关键词： 建筑信息模型施工项目成本管理信息管理工作流程　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑业作为国民经济的支柱产业之一,随着房地产和政府投资及市场化的高速发展,规模也在不断扩大。但是作为一个相对粗放的传统行业,在市场化和国际化的竞争中,无论是建筑企业还是房地产企业都必须以更加精细化的理念进行项目建设,以提高企业的竞争力。施工成本的管理,依赖于从概预算到决算的整个项目建设过程中,采取主动和被动措施,降低各种风险带来的不可控性,实施全过程的成本管控。但是在实际项目建设过程中,信息断层、人材机消耗超定额、成本超支、把控不严、响应滞后等现象普遍存在。虽然限额设计、挣值法、量价分离、成本核算等诸多管理方法的提出和利用很大程度上改变了上述现状,但是成本管理中的三超现象仍然存在。建筑信息模型(BIM)的提出与应用,打破了各项目参与方之间的信息隔阂,解决了项目全生命周期的信息孤岛问题,为解决传统成本管理中信息断层、效率低下、响应滞后等问题提供了一个可以协同工作、信息共享的应用管理平台。本文以此为研究背景,通过文献研究、对比分析、理论与实践相结合等研究方法,从信息管理的角度对BIM技术在施工项目成本管理中的信息建立、传输、加工利用等内容进行探讨,得到了以下结论:1、提出了BIM成本管理信息的表达需求模型,并研究了BIM技术对成本管理信息的表达和交互支持,验证了BIM应用于施工项目成本管理的技术可行性;2、建立了BIM成本信息模型的建模标准及对成本信息的补充完善机制;3、对BIM成本信息的几种提取利用方式的原理、优势、劣势进行了对比分析,为实际工程应用中的选取提供了参考;4、从成本计划、控制、核算和分析的角度,对基于BIM的成本管理的应用点进行了探讨并建立了基于BIM的成本管理工作流程。证明了BIM技术应用于施工成本管理可以有效提高成本管控水平,值得在工程项目实施过程中推广使用。
[Abstract]:As one of the pillar industries of the national economy, with the rapid development of real estate, government investment and marketization, the scale of the construction industry is also expanding, but as a relatively extensive traditional industry, in the market and international competition, Both the construction enterprise and the real estate enterprise must carry on the project construction with the more refined idea, in order to enhance the enterprise's competition ability. The construction cost management, depends on the entire project construction process from the budget estimate to the final account. Take active and passive measures to reduce the uncontrollability of all kinds of risks, and implement the whole process of cost control. However, in the process of actual project construction, the consumption of information faults, human resources and machines exceeds the quota, the cost overruns, the controls are not strict. Although many management methods, such as quota design, earned value method, separation of quantity and price, cost accounting and so on, have changed the above situation to a great extent. However, the three super phenomena in cost management still exist. The construction information model (BIMM) is put forward and applied, which breaks the information gap between the participants of the project, and solves the problem of the isolated information island in the whole life cycle of the project. In order to solve the problems of information fault, inefficiency, response lag and so on in traditional cost management, this paper provides an application management platform that can work together and share information. From the angle of information management, this paper discusses the information establishment, transmission, processing and utilization of BIM technology in construction project cost management. In this paper, we get the following conclusion: 1, propose the expression requirement model of BIM cost management information, and study the expression and interactive support of BIM technology to cost management information. This paper verifies the technical feasibility of BIM application in construction project cost management, establishes the modeling standard of BIM cost information model and its supplementary and perfect mechanism for cost information, and discusses the principles and advantages of several ways of extracting and utilizing BIM cost information. The disadvantages are compared and analyzed, which provides a reference for the selection of practical engineering applications, from the point of view of cost planning, control, accounting and analysis. The application points of cost management based on BIM are discussed and the workflow of cost management based on BIM is established. It is proved that the application of BIM technology in construction cost management can effectively improve the level of cost control. It is worth popularizing in the process of project implementation.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU723.3;TU17

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