青海海北牧区牧民定居建筑地域适应性设计研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 11:15

  本文关键词： 青海海北 牧区牧民定居建筑 地域适应性 设计研究　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青海是我国四大牧区之一,牧区面积占全省总面积的96%。海北藏族自治州位于青海省东北部,是青海省畜牧业的重点区,全州农牧区总人口为21.49万人,占全州人口的75.8%。牧民的居住质量关系着海北州以及青海牧区经济和生态的可持续发展。海北地区定居建筑现状存在着严峻的问题。大量的调研结果表明,由于海北地区地处高原,气候严寒,采暖期漫长,当地定居建筑存在的主要问题是在采暖期内建筑室内温度过低,牧民对于定居建筑中室内热环境舒适的需求要远远高于其他要素;海北地区定居建筑受到现有的能源和经济技术条件的约束,建筑中无法采用空调等高能耗采暖系统进行采暖。在国家大力实行牧民定居工程的大背景下,定居工程中的建筑应具有一定的社会效应和示范作用,但现有定居工程项目中建筑存在着诸如选址不当、房屋空间布局不合理、功能分区混乱、建筑施工质量差、室内温度低以及建筑形态失去了原有地域文化传承等问题,无法满足社会和牧民需求;综合上述两方面的问题,牧民定居建筑设计需要全面结合建筑的空间功能布局、建筑形态、建筑构造以及能源利用等要素进行综合考虑。本文以海北藏族自治州牧民定居建筑为研究对象,通过对海北地区自然地理、社会文化和经济技术环境的系统分析,以及对定居建筑现状调研,掌握定居建筑发展的地域背景,总结了牧民定居建筑发展的影响因素和地域性特征;在此基础上对海北地区定居建筑的演变历程、建筑空间、形态、技术的演变等内容进行深入分析,提出了牧民定居建筑的演变规律,为牧民定居建筑设计提供理论依据。通过对青海海北牧民定居建筑的现状分析和室内物理环境测试分析,揭示了当前该地区牧民定居建筑面临的三大问题:1.建筑空间及使用方面存在室外环境差,功能布局不合理和建造质量较差等问题;2.室内物理环境方面存在室内温度过低,采光通风不足,空气质量差等不舒适问题;3.能源使用方面存在传统采暖方式效率低下,而太阳能利用方法单一甚至错误等问题。问题的提出为牧民定居建筑设计提供现实依据。结合海北牧民定居建筑的演变规律和现存问题,提出适宜于海北地区的牧民定居建筑地域适应性的设计策略,并引入太阳能建筑一体化设计方法,在此基础上结合示范工程实例队该建筑设计策略的有效性进行探讨。通过本文研究,初步达到了预期效果,经过对示范工程进行的客观测试和主观满意度评价,证明设计方法有效,且为广大定居牧民所接受;研究结果为牧区牧民自建定居建筑和对牧民定居工程项目的设计工作提供了理论指导,促进了高原牧区牧民定居的人居环境的可持续发展,从而实现了改善牧民生产生活条件,提高自然资源利用率,构建和谐社会和建设节约型社会的目标。
[Abstract]:Qinghai is one of the four major pastoral areas in China, and the pastoral area accounts for 96% of the total area of the province. Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province and is the key area of animal husbandry in Qinghai Province, with a total population of 214,900 people. The living quality of herdsmen is related to the sustainable development of economy and ecology in Haibei state and Qinghai pastoral area. Because Haibei is located on the plateau, the climate is cold and the heating period is long, the main problem of the local residential buildings is that the indoor temperature of the buildings is too low during the heating period. Herdsmen's demand for indoor thermal comfort in residential buildings is much higher than other elements; residential buildings in Haibei are constrained by existing energy and economic and technological conditions. High energy consumption heating systems such as air conditioning can not be used in buildings. In the context of the country's vigorous implementation of herdsman settlement projects, the buildings in settlement projects should have certain social effects and demonstration functions. However, there are some problems in the existing settlement projects, such as improper location, unreasonable space layout of houses, confusion of functional zoning, poor construction quality, low indoor temperature and the loss of the original regional cultural heritage of the architectural form, etc. Can not meet the needs of society and herdsmen; to integrate the above two aspects, pastoralist settlement architecture design needs to fully integrate the spatial functional layout of the building, architectural form, This paper takes the pastoralist settlement architecture of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the research object, through the systematic analysis of the physical geography, social culture and economic and technological environment of Haibei region. Based on the investigation of the present situation of settlement architecture, the regional background of settlement architecture development, the influencing factors and regional characteristics of herdsmen's settlement architecture development, the evolution course, architectural space and form of settlement architecture in Haibei area are summarized. The evolution of technology and other contents are analyzed, and the evolution law of herdsman settlement building is put forward, which provides the theoretical basis for the design of herdsman settlement building. Through the analysis of the present situation of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei, Qinghai province and the analysis of indoor physical environment test, It is revealed that there are three major problems facing the herdsmen settlement buildings in this area at present: 1.The outdoor environment is poor in the building space and use, the function layout is unreasonable and the construction quality is poor. 2. The indoor physical environment is too low in temperature. Inadequate lighting and ventilation, poor air quality and other uncomfortable problems. 3. Traditional heating methods are inefficient in energy use. However, the solar energy utilization method is single or even wrong. The proposal of the problem provides a realistic basis for the design of herdsmen settlement building. Combined with the evolution law of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei and the existing problems, This paper puts forward a design strategy suitable for the regional adaptability of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei area, and introduces the integrated design method of solar energy building. On this basis, the effectiveness of the architectural design strategy is discussed in combination with the demonstration project team. Through the research in this paper, the expected results are preliminarily achieved, and the objective test and subjective satisfaction evaluation of the demonstration project are carried out. It is proved that the design method is effective and accepted by the majority of settled herdsmen, and the research results provide theoretical guidance for the pastoral herdsmen to build their own settlement buildings and design the herdsmen settlement engineering projects. It promotes the sustainable development of the settlement environment of herdsmen in highland pastoral areas, thus realizing the goal of improving the production and living conditions of herdsmen, raising the utilization rate of natural resources, building a harmonious society and building a conservation-type society.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5
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本文编号：1513134