北方集约化乡村开放住宅统建单元设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 09:01

本文选题：集约化乡村　切入点：开放住宅　出处：《山东建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国传统乡村住区形塑空间的逻辑表现为建造者与使用者的一体化。但是,受工业化、产业化分工的影响,现今住宅的建造者与使用者被迫分离,表现为住户在城市住宅与乡村住宅建造过程中的权力失配,建造的权力转由专业的建筑师和建造商掌控。在这种背景下,一方面,乡村住区在设计过程中大量套用城市的住宅户型和规划模式,使得乡村风貌变得机械、生硬,原本尺度宜人、充满田园风光的乡村聚落变成了整齐划一的单调社区,“以城代乡”、“千村一面”的倾向日趋明显；另一方面,专业团队建设的住宅产品虽能改善居住舒适度和建造质量,但多数住宅未能契合村民的生活、生产习惯,农民对空间使用的自主性较之以前受到极大限制,难以满足村民的多功能需求。研究以国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号：51408343)《双重组织驱动的集约化乡村住区：逻辑建构、模型演化与空间生成》为依托,针对以上这两方面乡村住区空间发展的问题,尝试在集约化乡村住区的统一规划建设基础上,将部分建造权力归还给村民,指导并协助他们参与乡村住区建设,以期协同改善乡村风貌。首先,对国内、外乡村住区的开放体系理论与实践案例进行综述,通过研究乡村住区空间组织的三种模式——统一建造模式、自发建造模式以及多方参与模式——梳理分析既有成果的优势与不足,提出更适用于北方集约化乡村住区规划建设的理论模型。其次,从自发建造要素、宅基地及其住宅形态特征要素、乡村住宅生活与生产空间形态要素、乡村住宅基础服务设施特征和乡村住宅结构体系特征等五个层面,对乡村住区不同空间特征要素进行分类、调研,选取200个宅基地形态样本和40个户型样本,归纳出宅基地形态、生产生活空间形态及基础服务设施和结构体系特征等要素的规律。最后,以乡村住宅的统建单元为基础,建立北方集约化乡村住区开放住宅的空间组织模型——以统一建造为主要特征的统建单元和以自助建造为主要特征的单元拓展空间——分别从建造模式研究的初始条件、统建单元及各要素衔接设计、统建单元拓展原则等三个层次开展研究,通过设定一系列控制乡村住区空间组织与演化的关键规则,借助计算机模拟完成对乡村开放住宅统建单元的拓展研究,达到乡村住区规划空间与自助空间的协同共生。
[Abstract]:The logic of traditional rural residential space in China is the integration of builder and user.However, under the influence of industrialization and industrial division of labor, the present housing builders and users are forced to separate, which is manifested by the mismatch of power between urban and rural housing construction.The power of construction is transferred to the hands of professional architects and builders.In this context, on the one hand, in the design process of rural settlements, a large number of urban residential units and planning patterns are applied, making the rural landscape become mechanical, stiff, and originally of a pleasant scale.Rural settlements full of pastoral scenery have become a uniform and monotonous community, with the tendency of "replacing the countryside with cities" and "one side of a thousand villages" becoming increasingly obvious. On the other hand, the residential products built by professional teams can improve the living comfort and construction quality.However, most of the houses can not meet the villagers' life, production habits, farmers' autonomy in space use is greatly restricted than before, it is difficult to meet the multi-functional needs of villagers.Based on the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Grant No.: 51408343) < intensive rural settlements driven by dual organizations: logical construction, model evolution and spatial generation ", this paper aims at the problems of the spatial development of rural settlements in these two aspects."On the basis of the unified planning and construction of intensive rural settlements, this paper attempts to return part of the construction power to villagers, to guide and assist them to participate in the construction of rural settlements, with a view to improving the rural landscape in a coordinated manner.First of all, it summarizes the open system theory and practice cases of the rural residential area in China and outside, through the study of three modes of spatial organization of rural settlements-unified construction model.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the spontaneous construction model and the multi-participation model, and puts forward a theoretical model which is more suitable for the planning and construction of intensive rural settlements in the north.Secondly, from five aspects: spontaneous building elements, homestead and its residential form characteristics, rural residential life and production space form elements, rural housing infrastructure features and rural housing structure system characteristics.The paper classifies different spatial features of rural residential areas, investigates, selects 200 samples of homestead form and 40 samples of household type, and concludes the form of homestead.Production and living space form and basic service facilities and structural system characteristics and other elements of the law.Finally, on the basis of the whole unit of rural residence,To establish the spatial organization model of open housing in intensive rural residential areas in North China-the unified building unit with unified construction as the main feature and the unit with self-help construction as the main feature to expand space-from the initial conditions of the construction model study, respectively.Three levels of research are carried out, namely, the design of integration units and the linking design of elements, and the principles of expansion of units. By setting up a series of key rules to control the spatial organization and evolution of rural settlements,With the help of computer simulation, the research on the expansion of the unit of rural open residential building is completed, and the cooperative symbiosis between the planning space and the self-help space of rural residential area is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.4

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