山西古代疫情研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 09:14

本文关键词：山西古代疫情研究　出处：《山西中医学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的以1911年之前山西地区相关疫情资料的辑录和整理为前期基础,并结合发生大疫时山西的自然环境及社会背景进行相应的分析研究,揭露山西古代疫情流行的特点和时空规律,阐述古代山西疫情与社会之互动情况及疫病防治经验,探讨古代疫情的发生流行对于今人的启示意义,以此能为现代疫病防治工作拓宽思路和提供历史借鉴,同时力求能对古代山西地区特别是明清之前疫情文献研究方面的空白进行补充和完善。方法主要对现存山西各府、州、县志、乡土志,史书文献如《汉书》《明史》《清史稿》《明实录》《清实录》,典籍、今人论著,如《中国灾害通史》等共计近380种文献史料,从中辑录整理出山西古代疫情记录近2万余字,统计得出山西古代疫情共739县次,并对相关因素(自然灾害、社会变动)进行筛选,做出数据图表,阐述疫情流行情况和进行有关探讨。结果山西最早的疫情记载可以追溯到公元前655年周惠王时期,之后一直到1903年的2558年中,山西省有明确记载的疫情流行共计739县次,其中主要发生于16世纪以后(1601-1903),共计513县次,占全部总数的69.42%。按朝代统计,疫病在12个朝代流行,主要集中于明清两朝。季节分布上,主要集中在春夏秋三季中,冬季明显较少,但春夏秋三季疫情次数没有显著差别。山西古代疫情地域分布特征是:疫病主要在盆地流行,山区丘陵地区较少,这与人口分布情况基本一致。在739县次疫情记载中,有疫病病名者共196次。以白喉、大头风、鼠疫为最多。从伴随山西古代疫情的相关因素看,旱灾影响最大。水、旱、冻、虫等各种自然灾害及战争、经济发展、人口流动等社会变动都有关系,虽然不是主要因素,但也有推波助澜的作用。疫病发生往往造成人口大量死亡,人伦丧失,并在一定程度上引起社会局势动荡,社会影响恶劣。山西古代疫病发生时,政府通常采取如下措施防疫:(1)免除租赋、暂免徭役、开仓赈济;(2)设立临时时疫医院;(3)掩埋尸骨;(4)施舍药料防疫;(5)祈祷神邸,安定人心。山西古代疫情的初步研究,对今天防治疫病工作的启示有:(1)重要责任在政府;(2)中流砥柱是医家;(3)最终结果看人民。结论山西的战争、灾害频繁,瘟疫更是如此。尽管山西1911年之前的疫情记录散见于山西各地方县志、史著、各类医著及其他如碑文、家谱等相关文献中,少有系统性记载,较零散和简略。但从收集到的各种资料中,仍能汲取到很多丰富的经验,并对今天疫病的预防与治疗起到很大的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:In 1911 in Shanxi before the relevant epidemic data collection and collation of the foundation, and combining with Shanxi's natural environment and social background of the corresponding occurrence of disease, reveal the characteristics and spatial regularity of Shanxi ancient epidemic, elaborate the interactive and disease epidemic in Shanxi and the ancient social prevention and control experience, explore the epidemic in the ancient enlightenment for the present significance, which can broaden the thinking and modern disease prevention and control work to provide historical reference, and strive to the ancient Shanxi area especially the Ming and Qing dynasties before the outbreak of the literature blank in the research of the method is to supplement and perfect. The existing Shanxi Prefecture, state, county, local records, such as the history of literature < > > > < qingshigao Han Ming Ming Dynasty > > classics, qingshilu, modern works, such as < > China disaster and a total of nearly 380 kinds of history documents, from the collection of Sorting out the Shanxi ancient epidemic records of nearly 2 million words, a total of 739 epidemic statistics obtained in ancient Shanxi County, and the related factors (natural disasters, social movements) were selected to make data chart, the epidemic situation described and relevant study results of Shanxi. The earliest recorded outbreak can be traced back to 655 BC king Zhou Hui during the period, until after 1903 2558, Shanxi province has clearly documented the epidemic situation in a total of 739 counties, which mainly occurred in sixteenth Century (1601-1903), a total of 513 counties, accounted for the total number of 69.42%. in different dynasties in the 12 dynasties, disease epidemic, mainly concentrated in the two dynasties of Ming and Qing. Seasonal distribution three, mainly concentrated in the spring and autumn season, winter is less, but the number of times the spring and autumn three season in Shanxi. There is no significant difference between the ancient geographical distribution features are: the disease epidemic mainly in the Basin hilly area is popular Less, which is consistent with the distribution of population. In 739 the county recorded outbreak, epidemic disease has a total of 196 times. In the big wind, diphtheria, plague is the most. The relevant factors with the ancient Shanxi epidemic, the effects of drought. Water, drought, frost, worms and other natural disasters and economic development and, there is war, population flow and other social changes, although not the main factor, but also have important role. The disease occurrence often cause massive death, human population loss, and caused social unrest in some extent, bad social impact. The ancient epidemic occurred in Shanxi, the government usually take the following measures: (epidemic prevention 1) from rent tax exemption, corvee, open relief; (2) the establishment of a temporary epidemic Hospital; (3) buried bones; (4) charity spices epidemic prevention; (5) pray God Di, reassuring. A preliminary study on Shanxi ancient disease, prevention and treatment of diseases with today's Revelation : (1) the important responsibility of the government; (2) is the mainstay of physicians; (3) the final results. Conclusion the people's war in Shanxi, frequent disasters, plague is even more so. Although the epidemic records scattered in Shanxi before 1911 in the local Shanxi County, all kinds of medical and other works, such as inscriptions, genealogy and other related in the literature, there is little systematic records, scattered and simple. But all kinds of information from the collected, still can learn a lot of experience, and to the great reference for disease prevention and treatment of today.

【学位授予单位】：山西中医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R2-09

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