太阳能—空气源热泵热水系统运行特性及优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:03

  本文关键词：太阳能—空气源热泵热水系统运行特性及优化研究　出处：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 太阳能 空气源热泵 热水系统 运行性能 正交实验 节能环保效益

【摘要】：制备生活热水消耗的能源是我国居民建筑能源消耗的一个重要组成部分,随着生活水平的不断提高,这部分能耗必将出现大幅度增长,特别是在东部沿海地区。本文以样机所处区域(厦门)为例,通过搭建实验样机,考察太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统的运行特性,根据大量的实验基础总结各参数的变化规律,确定系统各个部件的最佳运行工况,从而实现对系统的全年运行特性全面研究。以节能性为优化目标,对系统的主要部件参数进行优化匹配。通过搭建并联非直膨式的太阳能-空气源热泵单水箱热水系统实验样机,对热水系统在实际工况条件下的热力学性能进行了测试。结果显示:随着集热面积的变化,集热器的日平均集热效率变化不大,但集热器的瞬时集热效率与储热水箱温度成负相关,与环境温度、太阳能辐射强度成正相关,并拟合出相应公式。空气源热泵COPH不仅与环境温度有关,还与环境相对湿度、进水初温有关,并拟合出COPH的关系式,这可为系统在典型气象年下进一步探索全年运行特性和能耗打下基础。以样机所处区域的典型年气象数据以及热水系统的实测性能为依据,建立数学模型,并确定了样机在所处区域集热器的最佳倾角,为19.6?。在典型年气象数据下采用逐日计算的方法,结果表明:全年集热终止水温高于40℃的有245天,无需开启空气源热泵加热的天数为136天,全年运行能耗为358.70k W·h/m2,全年日均每升热水能耗为4.95W·h。通过围绕热水系统运行特性主要部件参数的敏感性及组合优化分析,选取有效集热面积、集热倾角、水箱容积、热泵开启时间为影响系统性能的运行特性参数,以系统辅热量、空气能热泵COPH和系统COPS-H为评价指标,采用数理统计中的正交实验法安排实验,通过极差分析法和方差分析法对热水系统的正交实验结果进行科学的分析和评估,得出系统运行参数的最优化组合;然后,引进年均太阳能保证率作为对追加的最优运行参数组合实验进行验证。研究结果表明:系统最优化运行参数的具体组合为:集热器面积为3.9m2,集热器倾角为19.6?,储热水箱容积为200L,空气源热泵开启时间为16:00。本文通过在三地(福州、厦门、永安)典型气象条件下,对电加热水系统、电辅助太阳能热水系统、空气源热泵热水系统和太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统进行节能效益、经济效益及环保效益的对比分析,结果表明,与其他几种热源方式相比,太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统年能耗最低,经济效益最好,系统因节能带来的污染物减排对改善该地区环境现状有积极作用,适宜在该地区推广应用。
[Abstract]:Preparation of domestic hot water consumption of energy is an important part of energy consumption of residential buildings, with the continuous improvement of living standards, this part of energy consumption will be greatly increased. Especially in the eastern coastal area, this paper takes the area where the prototype is located (Xiamen) as an example to investigate the operation characteristics of solar-air source heat pump hot water system by building an experimental prototype. According to a large number of experimental basis summed up the variation of the parameters, determine the optimal operating conditions of each component of the system, so as to achieve a comprehensive study of the system's operating characteristics throughout the year, with energy-saving as the goal of optimization. The parameters of the main components of the system are optimized and matched. The experimental prototype of a solar-air source heat pump single-tank hot water system with parallel non-direct expansion is built. The thermodynamic properties of the hot water system under the actual working conditions are tested. The results show that the daily average heat collection efficiency of the collector does not change much with the change of the collector area. However, the instantaneous collector efficiency is negatively correlated with the temperature of the hot water tank, positively correlated with the ambient temperature and the solar radiation intensity, and the corresponding formula is fitted. The COPH of the air-source heat pump is not only related to the ambient temperature. It is also related to the relative humidity of the environment and the initial temperature of the influent, and the relationship of COPH is fitted. This can lay a foundation for further exploring the operating characteristics and energy consumption of the system in a typical meteorological year. Based on the typical annual meteorological data in the region where the prototype is located and the measured performance of the hot water system, a mathematical model is established. The optimum inclination angle of the collector in the area of the prototype is determined to be 19.6? Under the typical annual meteorological data, the method of daily calculation is used. The results show that there are 245 days when the water temperature is higher than 40 鈩，

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