我国劳动份额演变趋势及其原因分析

发布时间：2018-01-05 12:34

本文关键词：我国劳动份额演变趋势及其原因分析　出处：《河南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：劳动报酬作为国内生产总值(GDP)核算当中一个至关重要的组成部分,它在GDP当中所占的比重即劳动份额,能够折射出一个国家的收入分配是否合理,进而关系着一个国家和地区的经济发展、社会稳定和人民的生活水平。因此,一直以来对于劳动份额的研究从来没有中断和停歇过,尤其是在进入新世纪以后,我国的劳动份额呈现出逐年下降的趋势,引发了越来越多相关专家学者的关注和研究。本文依据《中国统计年鉴》等相关数据源,对改革开放以来我国劳动份额变化进行了实证研究,结果表明,我国的劳动份额大致存在三个演变阶段:第一阶段,从1978年到1985年,因为改革开放政策的实施,广大农民和城镇居民的劳动积极性被激发出来,劳动生产率迅速提高,这期间的劳动份额处在一个快速上涨的时期;第二阶段,从1986年到1996年,随着改革重点由农村转向城镇,以劳动密集型为代表的第二产业得到充分发展,而相比之下,第一产业的劳动增加值却有所放缓。在劳动报酬占比中,第二产业所占比重要低于第一产业所占比重,因此在这个阶段我国的劳动份额处在一个波动幅度较小的平稳期;第三阶段,从1997年至今,由于技术密集型产业的发展以及为了提高对外贸易的经济效益而压低工人的工资,因此在这个阶段,我国的劳动份额处在一个明显下降的时期,虽然在此阶段的末端,即2013年以后又呈现出略微上涨,不过因为其仍然处于较低水平,所以仍把其归于第三阶段。本文将我国的劳动份额演变趋势与西方主要发达国家和金砖国家的劳动份额演变趋势进行对比,发现它们之间既存在共同之处又存在差异。西方主要发达国家,它们的劳动份额长期处在一个较为稳定的状态,并且在收入分配占比中所占比例也比较高。而金砖国家,它们的劳动份额大都呈现出一个逐年下降的趋势,而且在最高点时,劳动份额也比西方发达国家略低。我国作为金砖国家之一,劳动份额的演变趋势有着与其他金砖国家诸多相同的特征,但我国也有着自身的特点,诸如劳动人口数量多、人口技能偏低、地区经济发展差异明显等。因为这些特点的存在,我国劳动份额呈现出不同于其他金砖国家的演变趋势。本文通过解释和分析造成我国劳动份额演变趋势的原因,以期提出较为合理的应对措施,来提高我国逐年降低的劳动份额,消除它对国民经济的合理运行和社会的和谐稳定的不利影响。
[Abstract]:Labor remuneration as gross domestic product (GDP) accounted for a vital part of it in GDP, the proportion of the labor share, can reflect a country's income distribution is reasonable, and the relationship between a state and regional economic development, social stability and people's living standards. Therefore for a long time, the research of the labor share has never been interrupted and stopped, especially after entering the new century, China's labor share showed a declining trend, causing more and more experts and scholars attention and research. On the basis of relevant statistical yearbook > < China data source, since the reform and opening up to me China labor share change carried out empirical research results show that China's labor share roughly has three stages: the first stage, from 1978 to 1985, because the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, The majority of farmers and urban residents working enthusiasm is aroused, labor productivity increased rapidly during this period, the labor share in a rapidly rising period; the second stage, from 1986 to 1996, with the focus of reform from rural areas to cities and towns, in the labor intensive industry as the representative of the second fully developed and compared the first industrial added value of labor has slowed. The labor remuneration accounted for second, industry accounted for the important ratio is lower than the first industry proportion, so at this stage of China's labor share in the period of a little fluctuation; the third stage, from 1997 to date, due to the development of technology intensive industries and in order to improve the foreign trade and economic benefits and depress the wages of workers, so at this stage, China's labor share in a marked decline period, although at this stage the end At the end of 2013, after showing a slight rise, but because it is still at a low level, so it is still attributed to the third stage. In this paper, China's labor share and the evolution trend of the major western developed countries and BRIC countries, labor share trends were compared between the both similarities and differences exist. The main western developed countries, their long-term labor share in a relatively stable state, and in the distribution of income accounted for the proportion of the proportion is relatively high. While the BRIC countries, their labor share mostly showed a declining trend, but at the highest point when the labor share than in western developed countries slightly lower in China. As one of the BRIC countries, the evolution trend of labor share with other BRIC countries, many of the same features, but China also has its own characteristics, such as labor population Many people skills are low, the regional economic development differences. Because of the existence of these characteristics, the labor share of China shows the evolution trend is different from the other BRIC countries. Through the interpretation and analysis of the causes of the evolution trend of labor share in our country, in order to put forward reasonable measures to improve our country reduced year by year the labor share, eliminate the adverse effects of harmonious and stable it reasonable operation of the national economy and society.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124

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