宁夏沿黄经济区绿洲与蒸散量的时空分布特征

发布时间：2018-01-07 08:01

本文关键词：宁夏沿黄经济区绿洲与蒸散量的时空分布特征　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：绿洲是干旱区居民赖以生存和发展的场所,蒸散是干旱区地表水和地下水主要的排泄方式之一。宁夏沿黄经济区是我国西北地区重要的经济发展带,对该区域的绿洲和蒸散发的研究在水资源合理配置、生态环境保护及经济发展等方面具有重要意义。基于MODIS遥感数据,研究沿黄经济区2001-2014年绿洲的时空变化规律,借助TM数据提取并分析2000、2003、2007、2010、2014年耕地及种植结构的变化,讨论绿洲植被与气象、地下水位埋深之间的关系;基于SEBS模型,利用定量遥感方法估算沿黄经济区区域蒸散发量,并探讨其时空分布特征及主要影响因素,同时提取沿黄经济区耕地的蒸散量,确定区域的蒸发系数,并应用水均衡原理对蒸散量计算结果的可靠性进行了验证。通过对区域整体蒸散量的估算,考虑到降水量,最终估算沿黄经济区在现状水平下(2014年)的生态需水量和黄河引用水量的最小值。结果表明:(1)沿黄经济区的的植被覆盖程度较好,主要分布在卫宁平原的东部以及银川平原的中南部区域,且植被指数值呈增长的趋势;(2)沿黄经济区主要以耕地为主,耕地的面积在2001-2014年之间呈增加的趋势;(3)沿黄经济区适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深范围为0-8m;(4)在蒸散量方面,沿黄经济区的年蒸散量在2001-2014年间总体上是逐渐增加的,从2001年的434.27 mm增加为2014年的517.82 mm;(5)其中耕地蒸散量占大部分,农业耗水占据了全区近2/3的耗水量,且耕地耗水量占全区耗水量的比例呈上升趋势;(6)根据沿黄经济区内6个气象站的统计结果,确定沿黄经济区的蒸发系数为0.468;(7)SEBS方法计算的蒸散量与水均衡法计算出的蒸散量结果吻合较好,验证了SEBS方法计算区域蒸散量的可靠性;(8)沿黄经济区的蒸散量的变化与气温、降水呈正相关关系,且随着植被指数、植被面积及湿地面积的增加而增大;(9)沿黄经济区在现状水平下(2014年)的生态需水量为48.36×108 m~3,考虑到多年平均降水量12.04×108 m~3,维持现有生态环境条件不变的条件下,沿黄经济区需要引用黄河水量的最小值为36.32×108m~3。
[Abstract]:Oasis is the arid area residents for the survival and development of the place, the evapotranspiration is one of the arid area of surface water and groundwater discharge of the Ningxia economic zone along the Yellow River is one of the most important economic development in Northwest China, the area of oasis and evapotranspiration research on rational allocation of water resources, ecological environment has important significance the protection and economic development. Based on MODIS remote sensing data, study the temporal and spatial changes of the economic zone along the Yellow River in 2001-2014 oasis, with the help of TM data extraction and analysis of 20002003200720102014 changes of cultivated land and planting structure, discuss the vegetation and climate oasis, the relationship between groundwater depth; based on the SEBS model, to estimate the region along the Yellow River Economic Zone evapotranspiration using quantitative remote sensing method, and to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors, the simultaneous extraction of evapotranspiration along the Yellow River Economic Zone land, determine the area of steam Send to the evapotranspiration coefficient, and the reliability of the results is verified using the principle of water balance. Through the estimation of regional evapotranspiration, considering precipitation, the final estimate of the economic zone along the Yellow River in the current level (2014) the ecological water requirement of the Yellow River and cited the small value of water. The results showed that: (1) economic zone along the Yellow River in the vegetation cover degree is good, the central and southern regions are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Weining plain and Yinchuan plain, and the vegetation index values showed an increasing trend; (2) economic zone along the Yellow River is mainly dominated by arable land, arable land in the area increased between 2001-2014 (3); along the Yellow River Economic Zone suitable groundwater level vegetation growth in the depth range of 0-8m; (4) in evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration along the Yellow River Economic Zone during 2001-2014 the overall increase gradually, increase from 434.27 mm in 2001 to 517.82 mm in 2014; (5) the Farmland evapotranspiration accounted for the majority of water consumption occupies nearly 2/3 of the region's water consumption and water consumption of agricultural land, the region accounted for the proportion of water consumption increased; (6) according to the economic zone along the Yellow River in 6 meteorological stations of the statistical results, determine the evaporation coefficient of Economic Zone along the Yellow River for 0.468; (7) evapotranspiration the amount of evapotranspiration and water balance method and SEBS method to calculate the calculated results are in good agreement, to verify reliability of SEBS method in the calculation of regional evapotranspiration; (8) changes in temperature and evapotranspiration along the Yellow River Economic Zone, the precipitation is positively correlated, and with the increasing vegetation index, vegetation area and wetland area increased; (9) economic zone along the Yellow River in the current level (2014) the ecological water requirement is 48.36 * 108 m~3, considering the average annual precipitation of 12.04 * 108 m~3, to maintain the existing ecological environment conditions under the same conditions, the economic zone along the Yellow River to the Yellow River water for the minimum value is 36. 32 x 108m~3.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P426.2

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