我国普惠金触发展程度及促进政策研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 09:37

本文关键词：我国普惠金触发展程度及促进政策研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：所有人都应该拥有公平的机会享受正规金融体系提供的服务。然而,据世界银行的统计,到2012年为止,发展中国家只有三分之一的居民在正规金融机构有一定形式的资金储蓄。然而穷人更需要多样化的金融产品来积累财富、平滑消费、降低风险、适当地进行投资。同时,穷人的主要雇主中小企业也需要交易型产品来最优化财务管理,降低风险。2005年联合国倡导建立普惠金融体系,普惠金融在世界各国得到快速推进和广泛研究。我国引入普惠金融的概念相对较晚,但在实践方面,根据世界银行的统计数据,我国普惠金融的发展水平高于世界平均水平,有些领域甚至高于发达国家水平。虽然我国的金融改革和发展取得了显著成效,但在普惠金融发展的政策环境、基础设施建设、金融知识教育、金融消费者保护等方面还存在着问题。如何衡量普惠金融发展程度、选择什么模式、通过什么途径、政府担当什么角色、如何制定有效的政策促进普惠金融发展,这些都是急需解决的问题。这也为本文的研究提供了广阔的空间。首先,本文运用文献资料阅读方法对普惠金融的基本概念和理论、国内外最新研究进展进行梳理,为文章提供了理论支撑。通过分析各国政府在普惠金融发展实践过程中的功能定位,结合我国的具体情况指出,我国发展普惠金融应该坚持“政府引导,市场主导”的发展战略,并了解了我国政府从政策环境支持、促进市场交易量、基础设施建设等方面积极推进普惠金融发展的状况。通过实地考察调研方法,对我国普惠金融的产品和服务、传递渠道的发展现状和存在的问题做了全面的了解。然后从金融服务的可获得性、使用情况和服务质量三个维度构建了普惠金融指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重建立了普惠金融发展程度指数,并用我国31个省区市2006—2014年的面板数据分析了三个维度指标时间序列上的变化情况,比较了不同地区普惠金融的发展动态差异。从研究结果来看,我国普惠金融发展已经取得较好的成绩,整体水平有较大提高,金融覆盖面大大提高,产品种类丰富多样。而从地区差别来看,我国各地区普惠金融发展水平不平衡,上海、北京、天津普惠金融发展程度较高,而新疆、青海、西藏普惠金融发展程度较低,且基本与我国各省区市经济发展水平差异相吻合。从东中西三个地区来看,东部地区普惠金融发展水平较高,中部地区适中,而西部地区普惠金融发展水平较低。各省区市的普惠金融发展整体上呈现先上升后下降的态势。其次,要想制定促进普惠金融发展的有效政策,必须弄清都有哪些因素阻碍了普惠金融的进一步发展。金融服务的提供者认为阻碍普惠金融发展的原因有：立法和监管、政府激励政策、基础设施、金融机构的可信任度、地理位置的便利性、服务价格、服务质量、消费者金融知识水平、产品使用条款、产品范围等。但是需求者并不完全认同。由于普惠金融需求者所认为的重要影响原因与服务提供者的见解存在偏差,在推进普惠金融发展的时候要充分考虑到这一差异。文章通过设计调查问卷了解了普惠金融需求者使用和不使用金融产品和服务的原因。经过分析发现,金融服务提供者的可信任度、简单清晰容易理解的产品、透明的使用条件以及服务价格是需求者认为最重要的原因。消费者因为金融知识的缺乏对产品的不了解、不知如何使用、缺乏相应的决策能力阻碍了其获得和使用金融服务。普惠金融的需求市场很大,要进一步推进普惠金融的发展,响应国家供给侧改革的号召,需要继续增加供给的同时提高普惠金融的服务质量和效率。结合影响需求者使用金融服务的原因调查结果,推进普惠金融的发展,不仅要促进金融服务的供给增加,而且要关注服务的质量是否能满足消费者需求,消费者是否有足够的金融知识和技能使用这些服务。再次,通过利用行为经济学的理论,文章分析了实际生活中人们的行为决策特点,发现现实生活中人们决策与标准经济模型中的理性人相去甚远,存在着行为偏差,针对这一特点提出了制定一种合适的金融知识教育内容和传授方法——拇指规则培训法。最后通过随机对照试验的方法比较了传统金融知识教育与基于行为经济学的拇指规则培训方法的有效性。实验结果发现通过两种金融知识教育提高金融素养对消费者的金融实践行为都有积极的影响。但是影响的大小关键取决于提供金融知识教育的形式和内容。传统金融知识教育方法没有显著影响,而基于行为经济学的拇指规则培训法则有显著影响。最后,文章结合我国普惠金融发展的现状、问题和影响因素,从金融产品和服务的可获得性、服务使用情况和服务质量三个维度提出我国促进普惠金融发展的政策措施：制定国家发展战略和目标、加强政策环境支持、加强基础设施建设、增加产品和服务供给、搜集数据并开发指标测量技术。除此之外,还建议采用英美等发达国家积极探索的助推政策制定方法,提供有效的金融知识教育、加强消费者保护、对金融机构实施行为监管。
[Abstract]:Everyone should have a fair chance to enjoy the services provided by the formal financial system. However, according to the World Bank statistics, until 2012, only 1/3 people in developing countries have some form of savings in the formal financial institutions. However, the poor need more diversified financial products to accumulate wealth, consumption smoothing, reduce risk, appropriate for investment. At the same time, the major employers in the poor small and medium-sized enterprises also need to exchange traded products to the optimization of financial management, reduce the risk of.2005, the United Nations advocated the establishment of inclusive financial system, financial inclusion in the world has been promoted rapidly and widely studied. By introducing the concept of Inclusive Finance in China is relatively late, but in practice, according to the statistical data the world bank, the development level of China's financial inclusion is higher than the world average, in some areas even higher than the level of developed countries. Although China's financial reform and development has made remarkable achievements, but in the development of inclusive financial policy environment, infrastructure construction, financial education, financial consumer protection and other problems still exist. How to measure the degree of development of Inclusive Finance, choose what mode, through what way, the government to play what role, how to formulate effective policies promote the development of Inclusive Finance, these are urgent problems. It also provides a broad space for this study. First, this article uses the literature reading method of basic concepts and theories of financial inclusion, the latest research progress at home and abroad was reviewed, and provides theoretical support for this paper. Through the analysis of function of government in the practice of the development of inclusive financial process, points out the specific situation of our country, the development of China's financial inclusion should adhere to the "government guidance, market-oriented" The development strategy, and to understand the Chinese government support from the policy environment, promote market trading volume, infrastructure construction and other areas to actively promote the development of inclusive financial situation. Through the investigation method of our inclusive financial products and services, the development of the transmission channels of the status quo and problems made a comprehensive understanding. Then from the availability of financial services, the three dimensions of usage and service quality to build inclusive financial index system, using AHP to determine weights to establish inclusive financial development index, and analyzes the changes of the three dimensions of time series with the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2006 to 2014 the comparison of the dynamic development of the different areas of inclusive financial differences. From the results, our inclusive financial development has achieved good results, the overall level has improved greatly, Kim Financial coverage is greatly improved and the products of various kinds. From the regional difference, the area of our inclusive financial development level is not balanced, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, the development of Inclusive Finance degree is higher, while Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, inclusive financial development level is low, and the base and provinces in China's economic development level difference consistent. From the East three western regions, the eastern region of inclusive financial development level is higher, the central region and the western region is moderate, inclusive financial development level is low. All provinces and cities the development of Inclusive Finance overall increased first and then decreased trend. Secondly, to formulate effective policies to promote the development of Inclusive Finance, must it is the further development of what factors hindered Inclusive Finance. Financial service providers that hinders the development of Inclusive Finance, legislation and supervision, the government incentive policy foundation Facilities, financial institutions, trustworthiness, location convenience, service price, service quality, consumer financial knowledge, product terms, product range and so on. But the demand is not entirely agree. Because the inclusive financial demand that causes important influence and service provider views when there is a deviation, promote inclusive financial development should fully consider the difference. The understanding of the cause of inclusive financial needs of those with and without the use of financial products and services through a questionnaire. The analysis found that the financial service provider's trustworthiness, simple and clear and easy to understand products, transparent conditions of use and the service price is the demand think of the most important reasons. Because of the lack of knowledge of the financial consumers do not understand the product, I do not know how to use, the lack of appropriate decision-making ability has hindered its gain and The use of financial services. Financial inclusion of large market demand, to further promote the development of Inclusive Finance, supply side reforms in response to the national call, to improve service quality and efficiency of financial inclusion while continuing to increase the supply. The investigation of the cause of the combined impact of demand the use of financial services, to promote the development of Inclusive Finance, not only to promote the financial an increase in the supply of services, but also pay attention to the quality of service to meet consumer demand, consumers have sufficient financial knowledge and skills to use these services. Thirdly, through the use of behavioral economics theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics of decision-making behavior of people in real life, people found the decision and standard economic models of rational people in real life in far, there are deviant behavior, so the paper presents a kind of appropriate educational content and financial knowledge Teaching methods: the rule of thumb training method. Finally, the method of randomized controlled trials comparing the traditional financial education and effective training methods based on the rule of thumb in behavioral economics. Experimental results show that by two kinds of financial education to improve the financial practice of financial literacy for consumers have a positive effect. But the size of the key influence to provide financial education form and content. The traditional method of financial education has no significant impact, and behavioral economics law based on the rule of thumb training has a significant influence. Finally, combining with the status quo of China's development of Inclusive Finance, problems and impact factors, from the financial products and service availability, service usage and service the quality of the three dimensions of our country put forward the policies and measures to promote the development of Inclusive Finance: the formulation of national development strategy and objectives, strengthen governance Environmental policy support, strengthening infrastructure construction, increase the supply of products and services, data collection and measurement technology development index. In addition, it suggests that the active exploration of many developed countries' policies to boost the development of methods to provide financial education effectively, strengthen consumer protection, implementation of regulation of financial institutions.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832

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