环境规制下中国区域全要素生产率测度及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 07:30

本文关键词：环境规制下中国区域全要素生产率测度及影响因素研究　出处：《华北水利水电大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济保持了长达三十年的高速增长,在取得巨大成就的同时,也集中出现了发达国家在上百年的工业化进程中分阶段出现的各种环境问题,经济增长与环境污染之间的关系受到广泛关注。随着经济发展步入"新常态",近年来,中国的GDP增长目标有所降低,同时,全球气候变暖、雾霾天气以及国际社会对碳排放量的关注,使得人们对经济发展质量的要求越来越高,环保呼声也越来越高。全要素生产率作为衡量经济增长质量的核心,一直是经济学领域的研究焦点,而而随着对环境规制问题思考的深入,人们对全要素生产率与环境规制的关系也有了更深层的认识,因此,为了更加客观准确地衡量中国的经济发展质量,必须将环境规制纳入到生产率的测算当中。本文基于经济增长、全要素生产率以及环境规制的相关理论,整理计算了中国30个省份、直辖市和自治区(除西藏、港澳台地区)1998年——2013年宏观经济、能源消耗量和二氧化碳排放等数据,通过基于DEA的方向性距离函数,分别测度了不考虑环境规制的全要素生产率(Malmquist指数,简称M指数)和考虑环境规制的全要素生产率(Malmquist-Luenberger指数,简称ML指数)及它们相应的分解指标(效率变化率EFFCH和技术进步率TECH),并将研究对象划分为东部、中部和西部地区,从时间和空间角度对三大区域的环境全要素生产率进行对比,最后运用计量手段建立面板回归模型,对环境规制下全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证分析,主要得出了以下结论:从时间变化角度来看,东部、中部地区的环境规制是有效的,促进了全要素生产率的提高,西部地区环境规制缺乏效率,环境污染对环境全要素生产率造成了消极影响;三大区域同期内的环境全要素生产率东部最高、中部其次、西部最低,观测期内三大区域的ML指数变动方向基本呈现一致趋势,中部地区最接近全国平均水平;2010年以后,随着国家对环境质量的关注度提高,经济增长速度放缓,各区域ML指数呈略微下降趋势。从空间差异角度来看,东部各省份整体的ML指数、M指数及分解指标均优于中部和西部地区,但中部省份的效率变化率略优于东部省份;三大区域的ML指数平均值呈梯度递减,其中,东部和西部各省份的差异较大,而中部地区各省份的数据较为集中;全国范围内ML指数的最大值和最小值分别出现在东部和西部地区;三大区域中,超过全国平均值的省份(自治区或直辖市),东部地区共有7个,占整个东部省份数量的64%;中部地区有3个,占中部省份数的38%;西部地区有4个,占比36%;全国超过平均值的省份共14个,占比47%。环境规制下区域全要素生产率的影响因素方面:"环境库兹涅茨曲线假说"和"污染天堂假说"在西部地区表现的最为显著;中部地区资本劳动比的提高对环境全要素生产率的提高造成了消极影响;三大区域第三产业的发展对ML指数的影响均显著为正;政府治污能力的有效发挥能够促进环境全要素生产率的提高,但西部地区仍需加强。最后,文章从兼顾环境与经济的关系、合理促进对外开放与合作、优化产业结构、加强科技创新以及强化环境规制手段等方面为区域环境规制下全要素生产率的提高提出了相关对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, Chinese economy has maintained rapid growth for thirty years, made great achievements at the same time, also focused on the emergence of a variety of environmental problems in the process of industrialization in developed countries hundreds of years emerged in different stages of the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution due to widespread concern. With the development of economy into the new normal "in recent years, China GDP growth target has been reduced, at the same time, the global climate warming, the haze weather and the international community on carbon emissions, makes people more and more high requirements on the quality of economic development, environmental protection has also become increasingly high. The total factor productivity as the core measure of the quality of economic growth, has been studied the focus in the field of economics, and with the thinking of environmental regulation in-depth, focused on the relationship between total factor productivity and environmental regulation also have a deeper understanding, therefore, in order to More accurate measure of the quality of economic development Chinese, must be incorporated into the environmental regulation. Based on the calculation of productivity growth, theory of TFP and environmental regulation, Chinese 30 provinces calculated consolidation, municipalities and autonomous regions (except Tibet, Hong Kong and Macao) 1998 - 2013 macroeconomic energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions data, through the directional distance function based on DEA, respectively to measure the total factor productivity does not consider environmental regulation (Malmquist index, M index) and total factor productivity of environmental regulation (Malmquist-Luenberger index, ML index) and their corresponding decomposition index (efficiency change rate of EFFCH and the rate of technological progress, TECH) and the research object is divided into eastern, central and western regions, from the perspective of time and space of the three regional environmental total factor Productivity comparison, finally using econometric methods to establish a panel regression model, an empirical analysis of influencing factors of total factor productivity under environmental regulation, the main draw the following conclusions: from the eastern time change perspective, the central region, the environmental regulation is effective, promote the improvement of total factor productivity, the lack of environmental regulation in western regions efficiency, environmental pollution caused by the negative impact on the environment of TFP; three in the same period of the regional environmental total factor productivity East is highest, followed by the central and Western lowest ML index changes in the direction of the observation period of three regions showed consistent trend, the central region is the most close to the national average; after 2010, with the state of the environment the quality of the increased focus, the slower pace of economic growth, the regional ML index showed a downward trend. The difference from the space perspective, the eastern provinces The overall ML index, M index and decomposition indicators are better than the central and western regions, but the efficiency change rate of the central province of eastern provinces is slightly better than that of the three regional ML index; the average value of the gradient, the difference between eastern and western provinces of the larger, while the central region all copies of the data are concentrated in the country; the ML index of the maximum value and the minimum value appeared in the eastern and western regions; three regions, more than the national average of the provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government), the eastern region has a total of 7, total number of 64% eastern provinces; central region has 3, accounting for 38% of the number of central provinces the western region; there are 4, accounting for 36%; the average value of more than 14 provinces, accounting for 47%. environmental impact under the regulation of the regional total factor productivity factors: "environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis" and "pollution heaven hypothesis" in the western region of the most The central region increased significantly; the ratio of capital and labor to improve environmental TFP caused negative effects; affect the development of three major areas of the third industry of ML index were significantly positive; effective government pollution control ability can promote the environmental total factor productivity, but the western region needs to be strengthened. Finally, the article from taking into account the relationship between environment and economy, reasonable promotion of opening and cooperation, optimize the industrial structure, strengthen technological innovation and strengthen environmental regulation means for regional environmental regulation in total factor productivity and put forward relevant suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X22;F224;F124

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