大西洋金枪鱼资源开发与保护现状分析

发布时间：2018-01-17 00:25

本文关键词：大西洋金枪鱼资源开发与保护现状分析　出处：《上海海洋大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几十年来,气候变化、海洋环境污染和过度捕捞等人为因素导致全球近海渔业资源严重衰竭,然而人类对海洋生物资源的需求却在不断上升。因此,如何在发展海洋渔业经济和保护海洋生物资源之间取得平衡正越来越引起世界各国的重视。从上个世纪60年代末开始,200海里专属经济区制度被许多国家相继确立,此后又在1982年通过了《海洋法公约》,由此,沿海国对其沿海渔业资源的管辖和保护能力进一步提升,而其他国在沿海国专属经济区内捕捞作业行为受到进一步的管理和限制。于是,远洋渔业大国纷纷将注视焦点转向公海渔业资源或跨界洄游渔业资源,其中,金枪鱼类和类金枪鱼是最为典型的代表,同时也是远洋渔业资源开发的重要对象之一。本文先是论述了当前大西洋金枪鱼渔业相关背景,然后重点对大西洋金枪鱼渔业现状进行论述,介绍了渔业中主要目标鱼种有BET、YFT、ALB、SKJ和BFT等的生物特征、在大西洋的总捕捞产量、主要捕捞国家捕捞产量变化、不同作业方式作业产量对比以及随后对各金枪鱼总量进行总结和对比分析。在大西洋金枪鱼资源现状分析中,章节主要依据ICCAT年度报告中的金枪鱼资源评估为基础,对各主要金枪鱼鱼种的资源状况进行分析,同时参考ICCAT下设工作组SCRS在报告中的总结意见。最后,在个人学识经验的基础上做出对现有大西洋金枪鱼资源状况的总的论述。在大西洋金枪鱼渔业管理现状分析中,文章主要介绍了对大西洋金枪鱼类资源进行管理的主要区域渔业管理组织ICCAT,对其管理制度和养护措施进行归纳,并分析就现阶段现状进行探讨。最后基于前期资料文献研究、资源现状分析以及现有管理机制研究,总结出大西洋金枪鱼渔业管理中可能存在的问题:现有数据收集和统计中有效性和完整性的不足;执行机制不够完善而未能有效杜绝非法捕捞;现有分配机制未能有效引导各国采取积极的资源养护措施等。同样的,文章提出了现阶段众多因素导致了金枪鱼资源未能实现特别良好的渔业管理,也提出了在金枪鱼的管理和养护中笔者粗陋的改进建议:加强数据收集和统计工作;处于预防性考虑持续限制捕捞努力量的增加;改进现有分配机制促进成员方养护资源;实施公海登临和检查制度并逐步加强捕捞活动监管。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, anthropogenic factors such as climate change, marine environmental pollution and overfishing have led to serious depletion of global offshore fishery resources, but human demand for marine living resources has been rising. How to strike a balance between the development of marine fishery economy and the protection of marine living resources has attracted more and more attention from all countries in the world since the end of -40s. The 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone system has been established by many countries, and then adopted the Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. As a result, coastal States' jurisdiction and protection capacity over their coastal fishery resources have been further enhanced. However, the fishing activities of other countries in the exclusive economic zone of coastal States are further managed and restricted. As a result, ocean-going fishing powers have turned their attention to the high seas fishery resources or straddling and migratory fishery resources, among them. Tuna and tuna-like is the most typical representative, and also one of the important objects in the exploitation of ocean fishery resources. This paper first discusses the current Atlantic tuna fisheries related background. Then, the current situation of Atlantic tuna fishery is discussed, and the biological characteristics of the main target species in the fishery, such as BETYFTALBSKJ and BFT, are introduced, and the total fishing yield in the Atlantic Ocean is also introduced. The change of fishing yield in the main fishing countries, the comparison of the production of different operation methods and the comparison and analysis of the total tuna quantity were carried out subsequently. In the analysis of the current situation of the tuna resources in the Atlantic Ocean. Based on the assessment of tuna resources in the ICCAT annual report, the paper analyzes the resource status of each major tuna species. At the same time refer to the ICCAT working group SCRS in the report of the summary. Finally. A general discussion of the status of the existing Atlantic tuna resources is made on the basis of individual knowledge and experience in the analysis of the current status of management of Atlantic tuna fisheries. This paper mainly introduces ICCAT, a major regional fisheries management organization, which manages tuna resources in the Atlantic Ocean, and summarizes its management system and conservation measures. Finally, based on the previous literature research, the analysis of the status of resources and the existing management mechanism research. Summary of possible problems in the management of Atlantic tuna fisheries: lack of effectiveness and completeness in existing data collection and statistics; Inadequate enforcement mechanisms to effectively eliminate illegal fishing; The existing allocation mechanism can not effectively guide States to take active resource conservation measures. Similarly, it is pointed out that many factors have led to the failure of tuna resources to achieve particularly good fisheries management at this stage. The author also puts forward some humble suggestions for improving tuna management and conservation: strengthening data collection and statistics; (a) the precautionary consideration of continuing restrictions on the increase in fishing efforts; Improving existing allocation mechanisms to promote conservation of resources by members; To implement the boarding and inspection system on the high seas and gradually strengthen the regulation of fishing activities.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S937

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