低碳运输下公铁两网之间大宗货流转移及流量分配综合优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 06:59

  本文关键词： 低碳运输 陆路运输系统 货流转移 流量分配 启发式算法　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济的快速发展,各行业对化石能源的消耗速度也逐渐加快。同时,大量温室气体的排放也导致大气污染越来越严重,使得我国各地雾霾现象频发,严重威胁了人类的居住环境。面对日趋严重的温室气体增加,减少碳排放、发展绿色经济已经成为各国政府的共识。作为能源消耗型产业,交通运输业是目前主要的能源消耗和碳排放源之一。因此对交通运输业进行节能减排研究、探讨合理有效的节能减排措施已经刻不容缓。公路和铁路是我国陆路运输的两大方式,承担了大量货物的运输作业。鉴于铁路运输具有绿色环保、成本低廉的优势,引导公路货流转向铁路成为降低交通运输业碳排放的一项重要措施,对绿色交通运输的实现具有重要作用。目前关于将公路货流转移至铁路的研究还很欠缺,且多停留在定性分析方面,缺乏系统科学的定量化研究。本文在借鉴一些既有研究成果的基础上,结合我国公路和铁路运输的特点,采用以最优化理论方法进行定量分析为主、以定性分析方法为辅的研究思路,对低碳运输下公铁两网之间货流转移及流量分配的相关问题进行深入的研究和探讨,为绿色交通运输的发展提供新的研究思路和方法,具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。论文主要的工作具体如下：1、根据统计数据分析了近几年公路和铁路的运输现状和变化规律,主要包括里程、货运量、货运周转量以及运输能耗等方面。同时,利用能耗折算方法对公路和铁路碳排放强度进行估算,为后文中部分参数的取值提供了参考。通过分析可知,近年来我国公路运输和铁路运输的货运量和货运周转量总体呈现出上涨的姿态,且在全社会货运量和货运周转量中占据了较大的比例。同时,公路运输消耗了大量的能源并产生大量的碳排放,完成相同换算周转量的运输作业时,公路的能源消耗和碳排放分别是铁路的8倍左右,由此可见,若将公路运输网络的部分货流转移至铁路,将产生巨大的能源节省和碳减排效果,符合低碳交通运输的发展趋势。2、构建了减少碳排放的公铁联运路径及运输方式选择优化模型,该模型将以碳税成本标定的碳排放成本纳入到目标函数中,并同时考虑了运输时限、流量守恒、碳排放总量限制等约束条件。文中设计了算例并通过Lingo 11.0优化软件实现求解。虽然本部分研究内容针对的只是给定两个节点之间的一批货物,无法很好的解决网络层面的货流转移和流量分配优化问题,但是公铁联运问题的研究还是对本文主要内容的研究起到了借鉴和启示作用,主要包括货运节点属性扩展技术,模型构建时所需考虑的约束条件等方面。3、构建了低碳运输下公铁两网之间货流转移优化模型。模型以陆路运输系统的运输成本、节点内部的转移成本以及在这两个过程中产生的碳排放成本综合最小化为目标,并考虑了碳排放总量限制、单股公路货流最多只在一个节点进行转移、公路运输弧段和铁路运输弧段的能力限制、节点内部转运能力限制以及货物运到时限等约束条件。模型中设计了货流转移与否以及转移节点选择的0-1决策变量,使得货流转移方案得到了较为直观的体现。4、设计了三种启发式算法(并行禁忌搜索算法、自适应遗传算法以及动态调整粒子群算法)对低碳运输下公铁两网之间货流转移优化模型进行求解,研究并详述了三种算法的编码方式、迭代策略以及算法流程,通过算例分析详细对比了三种算法的求解效率。通过计算试验发现,动态调整粒子群算法的求解效果最好,这主要是因为粒子群算法不仅考虑个体之间的竞争关系,同时还考虑了个体之间的信息共享机制。5、构建了低碳运输下公铁两网之问货流转移及流量分配综合优化模型,并进行算例求解。事实上,陆路运输系统内货流转移和流量分配是相互影响的,首先,货流转移后,将对铁路网的货流结构产生重大的影响,此时需要对铁路网货流进行再分配。其次,铁路网货流再分配后可能会使得原来某些能力紧张的区段得到缓解,从而可以吸引公路货流的进一步转移。鉴于此,需要将货流转移和流量分配进行综合优化。本文结合铁路网流量分配时所遵循的流量不可拆分特点和树形径路的特点构建相应的模型,并选择第5章中求解效率较好的动态调整粒子群算法对基于树形径路原则的公铁两网之间货流转移及流量分配综合优化模型进行了求解。通过本文的研究可知,由于铁路运输在成本和碳排放方面的巨大优势,将部分公路货流转移至铁路后,使得陆路运输系统的碳排放总量和包含碳排放成本在内的运输总成本都有了较大幅度的降低。本文的研究对减少交通运输碳排放具有重要的意义,符合未来低碳经济的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global economy, the consumption rate of fossil energy industry has gradually accelerated. At the same time, a large number of greenhouse gas emissions also cause air pollution is becoming more and more serious, making the country haze phenomenon occurred frequently in our country, a serious threat to human living environment. Facing the increasingly serious greenhouse gases increase, reduce carbon emissions, the development of green the economy has become the consensus of governments in the world. As a type of energy consumption industry, transportation industry is one of the main energy consumption and carbon emission sources at present. So the research of energy saving and emission reduction of transportation industry, to explore the reasonable and effective measures for energy saving and emission reduction has been imperative. Highway and railway is the two largest in China road transport, bear large quantities of goods transport operations. In view of the railway transportation has the green environmental protection, low cost advantages, to guide the highway freight railway transportation industry become lower An important measure of carbon emissions, which plays an important role in the realization of green transportation. At present the study of highway freight transfer to the railway is still lacking, and stays in qualitative analysis, lack of quantitative research on system science. This paper draw on the existing research results, combined with the characteristics of our country highway and railway transportation, using optimization theory and method for quantitative analysis based on qualitative analysis research methods supplemented, the problems related to low carbon transport between the rail freight network under two transfer and flow distribution of thorough study and discussion, to provide new research ideas and methods for the development of green transportation that has important theoretical significance and practical value. The main work is as follows: 1, according to the statistical data analysis of the transportation status quo and changes in recent years, highway and railway, the main To include the mileage, freight volume, freight turnover and transport energy consumption. At the same time, to estimate the carbon emission intensity of highway and railway through energy conversion methods, provides a reference value for some parameters in this paper. Through the analysis, in recent years, the freight volume and freight turnover in China overall road and rail transport show up posture, and occupy a larger proportion of the total freight volume and freight turnover. At the same time, road transport consumes a lot of energy and produce large amounts of carbon emissions, to complete the same conversion volume transport operations, energy consumption and carbon emissions of the highway were about 8 times. So if the railway, highway transportation network will be part of the transfer to the railway freight, will have a huge energy saving and carbon emission reduction effect, in line with the development trend of low carbon transportation.2, constructed to reduce carbon emissions The rail transport and transport path selection optimization model, the model will be calibrated to the carbon tax cost of the cost of carbon emissions into objective function, and considering transportation time, flow conservation, carbon emissions constraints. In this paper the design examples and solved by Lingo 11 software. Although optimization the content of this part of the study is given for between two nodes of a batch of goods, cargo transfer and flow distribution optimization to solve the problem of the network level is not very good, but the study of rail transport problems and Research on the main content of this paper plays a role of reference and revelation, including freight node attribute expansion technology, aspect when constructing the model to consider the constraint condition of.3, constructed between low carbon transport under the rail network optimization model. Two cargo transfer model to land transportation system transportation cost, node Transfer cost and internal cost of carbon emissions generated in the course of these two comprehensive minimum as the goal, and consider the total carbon emission limits, single strand road freight only one node in the transfer of highway transportation and railway transportation arc arc capacity constraints, node capacity constraints and internal transport of goods to time constraints. The model design of the 0-1 decision variables and transfer cargo transfer node selection, the freight transfer scheme has been more intuitive reflect.4, three kinds of heuristic algorithm design (parallel tabu search algorithm, adaptive genetic algorithm and dynamic adjustment of the particle swarm algorithm) transfer optimization model to solve the flow of goods between under the low-carbon transport rail network two, and describes three algorithm encoding, iterative strategy and algorithm flow, through numerical analysis were compared with three Computational efficiency of the algorithm. By calculating the test found that the best solution effect of dynamic adjustment of the particle swarm algorithm, this is mainly because the particle swarm algorithm is not only the competition relationship between individuals to consider, but also consider the individual information sharing mechanism among.5, constructed two rail network flow transfer and flow distribution Q comprehensive optimization model of low carbon transport, and for example. In fact, land transportation system within the cargo transfer and flow distribution is the mutual influence, first of all, after the transfer of goods, will have a significant impact on the flow structure of railway network, the need for redistribution of railway freight network. Secondly, the railway network flow redistribution after section the original some tension eased, and further transfer which can attract the flow of highway. In view of this, need to transfer cargo flow distribution and comprehensive optimization. In this paper. The railway network traffic distribution flow cannot be split characteristic and tree path corresponding model, and dynamic adjustment of particle selection algorithm better efficiency of solving group in Chapter fifth to solve the flow transfer and flow distribution comprehensive optimization model between rail tree path network based on the principle of the two through. This research indicates that because of the great advantages of railway transportation in terms of cost and carbon emissions, will be part of the highway freight transfer to the railway, the total cost of transportation land transportation system the total carbon emissions and carbon emissions are included cost are greatly reduced. The research of this paper has important carbon reducing transport the significance of emissions, with the future development trend of low-carbon economy.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U116
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本文编号：1447289