沈阳市法库县土地规模经营存在的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 05:14

本文关键词： 土地规模经营农业现代化土地流转法库县　出处：《东北农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,土地规模化经营开始兴起,但被很多问题困扰,导致发展迟缓。土地细碎化、机械化程度低、农村剩余人口受教育水平及生产技能低下、投入产出水平达不到预期标准等都成为了土地规模经营中的桎梏。如何加快农村土地流转,成为解决土地适度规模化经营的重要手段。怎样结合区域发展探讨出有效的、因地制宜的土地规模经营模式是我国农村土地制度改革及农业区域发展方向性的选择,是关乎农民收入、农村经济、国民经济和社会发展的一系列重要问题。本研究在查阅大量文献基础上,以辽宁省法库县为研究区,通过设计调查问卷进行外业调查,对农户及农业经济合作组织的情况进行了统计分析。本研究共调研了10个乡镇、28个村,获取农户问卷140份,合作组织问卷36份。对调研数据分析表明:(1)法库县土地规模经营农户受教育程度普遍较低,从事农业生产劳动老龄化相对较高。(2)法库县土地规模经营过程中存在土地流转现象,但土地流转面积较小,流转面积基本在1-20亩之间,农户土地转出意愿整体较低。(3)法库县土地规模经营的总体面积大部分集中在200亩以上,占调查样本总量的64.05%;土地单产主要集中在1500~2000斤之间,占总样本量的47.03%;可见其土壤条件相对较好,地力水平相对较高,具有一定的优势。(4)法库县土地规模经营的主体以农村能人或专业户,占总户数的51.17%;村集体、涉农企业领办的较少,然而根据建立土地经营组织时户数与现有户数比较,村集体、企业领办的一般比较成功且规模普遍增加,农户通过土地流转方式加盟,加入意愿较强烈。(5)法库县土地规模经营过程中的主要影响因素有劳动力转移、农业机械化、种植习惯、农业专业合作社、制度政策五个方面;存在的问题大多表现在农民、经营组织、政府、制度政策等方面。针对当前法库县土地规模经营的近况及反映出的问题从农户、经济、社会、制度四个方面提出适合法库县土地规模化经营发展的对策:一是农户方面提高素质、转变观念;二是经济方面增加土地规模经营的科技投入及产业优化、解决剩余劳动力就业问题、提高机械化水平;三是社会方面完善社会保障体系、充分发挥农民专业合作社的积极作用、构建土地流转信息服务平台;四是制度方面加强宣传引导、加大扶持力度、完善土地流转制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the large-scale management of land began to rise, but was troubled by many problems, resulting in slow development. Land fragmentation, low degree of mechanization, rural surplus population education level and production skills are low. The input-output level is not up to the expected standard and has become the shackles of the land scale management. How to speed up the rural land circulation. To become an important means to solve the moderate scale of land management. How to combine the regional development to explore the effective. The mode of land scale management in accordance with local conditions is the choice of the reform of rural land system and the direction of agricultural regional development. It is related to the income of farmers and rural economy. On the basis of consulting a great deal of literature, this research takes Faku County of Liaoning Province as the research area, and carries on the field investigation through the design questionnaire. Statistical analysis was made on the situation of farmers and agricultural economic cooperation organizations. In this study, a total of 10 villages and 28 villages were investigated, and 140 questionnaires were obtained. 36 questionnaires of cooperative organization. The analysis of survey data shows that farmers in Faku County generally have low education level in land scale management. In the process of land scale management in Faku County, the phenomenon of land circulation exists, but the land circulation area is smaller, and the circulation area is between 1-20 mu. The total area of land scale management in Faku County is mostly more than 200 mu, which accounts for 64.05% of the total survey sample. The yield per unit of the land was mainly between 1500 and 2000 jin, accounting for 47.03 of the total sample size. It can be seen that the soil condition is relatively good, the soil fertility level is relatively high, and it has certain advantages. (4) the main body of land scale management in Faku County is rural capable people or specialized households, accounting for 51.17% of the total households; Village collective, agricultural enterprises lead less, but according to the establishment of land management organizations when the number of households and the number of existing households, village collectives, enterprises led by the general success and generally increase in scale. Farmers joined by land circulation, the intention to join is stronger. 5) Faku County land scale management process of the main factors are labor transfer, agricultural mechanization, planting habits, agricultural professional cooperatives. Five aspects of institutional policy; Most of the existing problems in farmers, business organizations, government, institutional policies and other aspects. According to the current Faku County land scale management and reflect the problems from farmers, economy, society. Four aspects of the system proposed suitable for the Faku County land scale management development countermeasures: first, farmers to improve their quality, change ideas; Second, increase the scientific and technological input and industrial optimization of land scale management, solve the employment problem of surplus labor force, and raise the level of mechanization; Third, improve the social security system, give full play to the positive role of farmers' professional cooperatives, and build a land circulation information service platform; Fourth, the system to strengthen publicity and guidance, increase support, improve the land circulation system.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F321.1

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