内蒙古西部沙棘绕实蝇生物学特性及其引诱剂的初步研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 06:24

本文关键词： 沙棘沙棘绕实蝇生物学特性引诱剂种群动态气象因子人工饲料产卵选择性　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides是重要的水土保持和防风固沙树种,同时具有极大的经济价值。沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa(RBO)严重危害沙棘果实,使沙棘种植地蒙受巨大经济损失。开展沙棘绕实蝇生物学特性研究可为精准防控和科学决策提供理论依据,本文通过在内蒙古开展室内人工饲养和野外观察试验,对沙棘绕实蝇的羽化、交尾、产卵、化蛹等生物学习性和野外发生动态进行了研究。结果表明:成虫主要集中在6:00-10:00羽化,羽化量占当日羽化量的81.3%,羽化高峰出现在8:00-9:00;化蛹时间主要集中在凌晨0:00-6:00,尤其是3:00-6:00钻出果实化蛹的幼虫数量最多,与其它时间段有明显的差异;交尾时间主要集中在白天光照比较强的时间段,一天当中有两次交尾高峰,分别出现在12:00-13:00和16:00-17:00,交尾平均持续时长为239±11.86 min;沙棘绕实蝇一般选择在长径6.97±0.28(SD)mm、宽径5.37±0.40(SD)mm的沙棘果上产卵,一果只产一卵。并对交尾及产卵行为进行了详细的描述。沙棘绕实蝇在内蒙古磴口地区1年发生1代,野外成虫发生期从6月中旬到8月上旬,共持续50天左右,可以划分为发生始见、始盛、高峰、盛末和末期五个阶段,始盛期、高峰期和盛末期虫口密度较高。发生始见期野外诱捕到的实蝇雄虫居多;发生始盛期和高峰期雌雄性比在1:1左右;至实蝇发生盛末后期,野外诱捕到雌虫较多。沙棘绕实蝇种群数量变化受不良天气影响较大。蛋白质和糖是实蝇维持生理活动的两个重要营养源,论文对沙棘绕实蝇的成虫人工饲料进行了研究。不补充食物的成虫仅存活2-4天,饲喂人工配制的6种饲料均可显著延长沙棘绕实蝇寿命(F=129.911;df=7;P0.01)。6种人工饲料饲养的沙棘绕实蝇成虫平均寿命从大到小依次为:BCFDEA,最长的为14.04±7.50(SD)天,最短的是9.54±5.38(SD)天。雌雄成虫间寿命无显著性差异。6种饲料饲喂的实蝇雌成虫怀卵量无显著性差异(F=0.701;df=5;P0.05)。通过自制沙棘绕实蝇采卵器研究其产卵偏好行为,发现沙棘绕实蝇更偏好选择在黄色、橙色和绿色的采卵器上降落休整或产卵。同时其对损伤果实也具有较强的产卵趋性。在成熟度为A和B的沙棘果实上的产卵量无显著差异(F=2.262,df=10,P0.05)。沙棘绕实蝇在白刺果上降落频次显著多于沙棘果(F=13.065,df=2,P0.05),但二者在产卵量上的差异并不显著(F=2.972,df=2,P0.05)。应用引诱剂防治实蝇是害虫综合管理中的一项重要措施,本文通过筛选已知实蝇类诱剂,得到了5种对沙棘绕实蝇具有诱性的引诱剂,诱效从大到小依次为:诱剂TQ诱剂T诱剂Y诱剂L诱剂LQ,5天观测期内实蝇诱捕量分别为:670.50±73.48头、593.69±72.50头、446.00±54.57头、334.58±43.25头和270.04±38.01头。诱剂TQ、诱剂T和诱剂Y均对沙棘绕实蝇两性成虫具有引诱性,诱捕的雄虫稍多于雌虫。诱剂T、Y和LQ诱效仅维持2天,而诱剂TQ和L诱效持续时间大于5天。其中,诱剂Y有效引诱距离小于100 m,其在树冠下层(2.51±0.45 m,SD)和树干部(1.24±0.28 m,SD)诱捕实蝇较多。本文比较了诱剂Y的干剂、水剂和乙醇剂的诱效,三种剂型均对沙棘绕实蝇具有引诱性,且三者之间无显著差异(F=2.239;df=2;P0.05)。诱剂Y和T按一定质量比混配后比单独使用诱剂Y的诱效稍好,A(Y:T=2:1)、B(Y:T=1:1)、C(Y:T=1:2)三种混合诱剂,随着诱剂T比例的增加,诱效逐渐增强,但经统计分析与单独使用诱剂Y诱效无显著差异(F=0.731;df=3;P0.05)。本研究筛选到的沙棘绕实蝇成虫诱剂具有高效、环保、价廉等优点,其与生物农药结合开发新型绿色诱杀剂具有广阔的应用和推广前景,不过,由于诱剂的持效期较短,目前实验室已经开始研究利用纳米材料包埋技术来延长诱剂的持效期,并有望在2017年度取得重要进展。此外,沙棘绕实蝇寄主标记信息素、植物源信息素、性信息素研究也获得了初步研究进展。
[Abstract]:The research on the biological characteristics of sea - buckthorn flies in Inner Mongolia in the first half of June to early August . The results showed that the adult worms mainly concentrated at 6 : 00 - 13 : 00 and 16 : 00 - 17 : 00 , and the time of emergence was at 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 ; the time of emergence was mainly concentrated in the period of 0 : 00 - 13 : 00 and 16 : 00 - 17 : 00 , the time of emergence was about 239 卤 11.86 min . The results showed that the average life span of fly - fly adults was 14.04 卤 7.50 ( SD ) days and 9.54 卤 5.38 ( SD ) days respectively . There was no significant difference in the longevity of female adult worms ( F = 0.701 ; df = 5 ; P0.05 ) . The egg - laying preference was studied by self - made sea - buckthorn fruit fly egg - collecting device . It was found that sea - buckthorn had more preference for resting or laying eggs on yellow , orange and green eggs . At the same time , it also had stronger spawning tendency to the damaged fruit . There was a significant difference in the frequency of the fall of the flies on the whitethorn fruit ( F = 13.65 , df = 2 , P0.05 ) , but the difference was not significant ( F = 2.972 , df = 2 , P0.05 ) . In this paper , five kinds of attractants were obtained by screening known fly - luring agents : 670.50 卤 73.48 , 593.69 卤 72.50 , 446.00 卤 54.57 , 334.58 卤 43.25 , and 270.04 卤 38.01 . The results showed that the attractants Y and T were slightly better than that of the attractant Y after mixing . A ( Y : T = 2 : 1 ) , B ( Y : T = 1 : 1 ) and C ( Y : T = 1 : 2 ) mixed attractants increased gradually with the increase of the proportion of inducer T , but no significant difference was found between the statistical analysis and the single use attractant ( F = 0.731 ; df = 3 ; P0.05 ) . In addition , the research progress of the research on the host - marker pheromone , plant - derived information and sex pheromone of the sea - buckthorn flies .

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S763.7

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