刀具结构对切削加工的影响研究及优化设计

发布时间：2018-02-03 09:37

本文关键词： 结构改进高速高效数控车刀　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金属切削刀具行业在数控机床已成为装备制造主流的今天,肩负着为制造业提供关键装备数控刀具的重任。虽然在产品成本中刀具所占份额较小,但制造业的加工技术水平受刀具行业整体水平的影响较大,同时,装备制造业的发展也会促进刀具行业的发展。根据制造业发展的需要,多功能复合刀具、高速高效切削加工刀具将成为刀具发展的主流方向。面对日益增多的难加工材料,刀具行业必须改进刀具材料、研发新的刀具材料和设计更合理的刀具结构。为了更好地适应数控切削加工的需求,不断提高加工效率,降低生产成本,本课题研究基于数控车削加工生产实际,结合目前对刀具开发的新需求,对数控车刀结构改进与优化设计进行了深入研究。首先,综述了课题研究国内外现状,主要分析了机床工具行业发展现状、全球及我国金属切削刀具行业现状、数控加工刀具国内外研究现状等。其次,对金属切削刀具基础知识进行了分析,阐述了刀具切削部分的构成、刀具静态角度、切削力来源与计算以及影响切削力的主要因素等。再次,对刀具磨损与刀具寿命进行了具体深入研究,分析了刀具磨损形态、形成原因,刀具寿命及其经验计算公式,影响刀具寿命的因素,着重剖析了数控车刀损坏形式及损坏的主要原因。然后,对切削热和切削温度进行了深入剖析,分析了切削热的产生与计算公式,切削热的传导与影响散热的因素,切削温度的测量方法,以及影响切削温度的主要因素等。最后,从切削效率角度出发,对数控车刀进行了结构优化改进设计、参数优选设计,并通过有效的切削加工试验统计数据对比分析,进一步验证了本次结构优化设计的可行性与实用性。内、外圆复合车削数控车刀结构改进设计符合数控车削加工技术集成化、智能化、多功能发展的新需求,采用将内孔车削与外圆车削加工用刀片二者共同安装于同一刀体的复合功能结构设计,经多次切削加工试验验证,该刀具的应用能有效地节省切削加工过程的辅助时间,提高加工效率,降低生产成本,为企业带来更好的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Metal cutting tool industry has become the mainstream of equipment manufacturing in the CNC machine tool industry today, which shoulders the responsibility of providing the key equipment for the manufacturing industry, although in the cost of products, the cutting tools account for a small share. However, the manufacturing technology level is greatly affected by the overall level of the cutting tool industry. At the same time, the development of the equipment manufacturing industry will also promote the development of the tool industry. High-speed and high-efficiency cutting tools will become the mainstream direction of tool development. Facing the increasing number of difficult machining materials, the tool industry must improve the tool materials. Research and development of new tool materials and design of more reasonable tool structure. In order to better meet the needs of NC machining, continuously improve the processing efficiency and reduce production costs. Based on the production practice of NC turning and the new requirement of tool development at present, the structure improvement and optimization design of NC turning tool are deeply studied in this paper. Firstly, the status quo of the research at home and abroad is summarized. This paper mainly analyzes the current situation of the development of machine tool industry, the status of metal cutting tool industry in the world and our country, and the research status of NC cutting tool at home and abroad. Secondly, the basic knowledge of metal cutting tool is analyzed. The composition of cutting tool, the static angle of cutting tool, the source and calculation of cutting force and the main factors affecting cutting force are expounded. Thirdly, the tool wear and tool life are studied in detail. This paper analyzes the tool wear form, forming reason, tool life and its experience calculation formula, factors affecting tool life, and emphatically analyzes the damage form of NC turning tool and the main reason of damage. In this paper, cutting heat and cutting temperature are deeply analyzed, and the generating and calculating formulas of cutting heat, the conduction of cutting heat and factors influencing heat dissipation, and the measuring method of cutting temperature are analyzed. Finally, from the point of view of cutting efficiency, the structure optimization design and parameter optimization design of NC turning tool are carried out. The feasibility and practicability of the structural optimization design are further verified by comparing and analyzing the effective statistical data of cutting experiments. The improved design of NC turning tool structure meets the new requirements of integrated, intelligent and multifunctional development of NC turning technology. The design of the compound function structure of the inner hole turning and the outer circle turning blade is adopted, which is installed in the same cutting body together, and has been verified by many cutting experiments. The application of this tool can effectively save the auxiliary time of cutting process, improve machining efficiency, reduce production cost, and bring better economic benefits for enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG71

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