西部地区金融排斥形成机理及影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 00:58

本文关键词： 金融排斥金融排斥指数普惠型金融体系　出处：《贵州财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金融权利和其他权利一样,是人生来就拥有的基本权利。和富裕的人们一样,低收入个人或者企业同样需要得到贷款、投资、保险等各方面的金融服务。但是在各个国家,特别是一些发展中国家,这些贫困人群或者资金规模较小的企业有着比大型企业更为强烈的资金需求,却被排斥在正规金融之外,只能通过其他非正规渠道,如高利贷、私人借贷等,理论界将这种现象称为“金融排斥”(Financial Exclusion)。这些金融服务不但需要支付高昂的价格,而且不具连续性。因此,我们希望可以减少这种不平等的现象,建立更加完善的金融体系,让贫困人群和低收入者、小微企业可以获得和市场价格相符的金融产品与服务,可以公平地通过金融机构获得资金。近年来,城乡二元化发展、贫富差距增大、“三农”问题等成为了制约我国建成小康社会的因素,如何实现社会平等、改善弱势群体的生活、消除金融排斥等问题逐渐成为了学者们关注的焦点。目前为止,学术界对于金融排斥的研究还处于初级阶段,系统性地研究金融排斥的文献不多,尤其是关于西部贫困地区的研究更是少之又少。由于地理环境的限制和历史发展的原因,西部地区的金融排斥现象尤为严重。因此,对于金融排斥系统性地研究,以及对传导路径和形成机理的分析,对于降低金融排斥,发展西部地区的经济具有重要意义。本文在综合了国内外学者的研究结果上,以计量经济学、数学、金融经济学为理论依据,对全国省市的金融排斥进行了测度,之后使用面板模型分别对东西部地区的影响金融排斥的因素进行了显著性检验,并以此为基础提出降低金融排斥、改变区域金融发展差异化的措施和建议。本文的结论可以分为以下两点:(1)我国西部地区金融排斥的程度较东部地区较为严重。本文在已有文献和理论的基础上,从一个全新的角度对金融排斥的维度进行了重新界定,在结合了我国的实际情况以及数据的可得性之后,决定以金融服务的深度、可得度、使用度和负担度四个方面为衡量金融排斥的维度,参考人类发展指数对金融排斥进行测度,测度结果显示,几年来我国的金融排斥程度呈上升趋势,而且西部地区的金融排斥度尤为严重。(2)分析并揭示了金融排斥的形成机理。金融排斥的形成有它内在的传导机制,并且和很多因素高度相关,社会、环境因素都有可能决定金融排斥。金融供给和需求的错配、地理环境恶劣、金融体系不完善等原因都造成了金融排斥。最后经过实证发现,全国范围内人均收入、教育水平、第一产业占比等因素都会对金融排斥产生影响。
[Abstract]:Financial rights, like other rights, are fundamental rights that people are born with. Like wealthy people, low-income individuals or businesses also need access to all kinds of financial services, such as loans, investments, insurance, etc. But in every country, In particular, in some developing countries, these poor people or smaller enterprises, which have stronger funding needs than large ones, are excluded from formal finance and can only use other informal channels, such as usury, Private lending and so on, which the theorists call "financial exclusion" and Financial exclusion. These financial services not only pay high prices, but also do not have continuity. Therefore, we hope to reduce this inequality. To establish a better financial system so that poor people and low-income people, small and micro enterprises can have access to financial products and services that are in line with market prices, and can obtain funds equitably through financial institutions. In recent years, urban and rural areas have developed in a dual way. As the gap between the rich and the poor increases, the problems of "three rural areas" have become the factors restricting the establishment of a well-off society in our country. How to achieve social equality, improve the life of the disadvantaged groups and eliminate financial exclusion have gradually become the focus of attention of scholars. The research on financial exclusion in academic circles is still in its infancy, and there are few documents systematically studying financial exclusion, especially in the poverty-stricken areas of western China. Due to the limitation of geographical environment and the historical development, the research on financial exclusion is still in its infancy. The phenomenon of financial exclusion is especially serious in the western region. Therefore, the systematic study of financial exclusion, as well as the analysis of conduction path and formation mechanism, can reduce the financial exclusion. It is of great significance to develop the economy of the western region. Based on the theoretical basis of econometrics, mathematics and financial economics, this paper measures the financial exclusion of provinces and cities in the whole country on the basis of synthesizing the research results of domestic and foreign scholars. Then using the panel model to test the factors that affect the financial exclusion in the eastern and western regions respectively, and on the basis of this, the paper proposes to reduce the financial exclusion. The conclusions of this paper can be divided into the following two points: 1) the degree of financial exclusion in the western region of China is more serious than that in the eastern region. The dimension of financial exclusion is redefined from a completely new perspective. After taking into account the actual situation in our country and the availability of data, it is decided to use the depth and availability of financial services. In order to measure the dimension of financial exclusion, the use degree and burden degree measure the financial exclusion according to the human development index. The results show that the degree of financial exclusion in China has been on the rise in recent years. Moreover, the degree of financial exclusion in the western region is especially serious. (2) analyzing and revealing the formation mechanism of financial exclusion. The formation of financial exclusion has its intrinsic transmission mechanism, and is highly related to many factors. Financial exclusion may be determined by environmental factors. Mismatch of financial supply and demand, poor geographical environment and imperfect financial system all contribute to financial exclusion. Finally, through empirical evidence, it is found that per capita income and education level in the whole country. The proportion of primary industry and other factors will have an impact on financial exclusion.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.35

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