技术进步对我国技能就业结构的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 18:47

本文关键词： 技术进步就业结构技术溢出自主创新　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：技术进步对就业有着双重效应,因而在大力提升科技水平的同时,不得不考虑其对劳动力市场的影响作用。本文首先界定了技术进步和技能就业结构的概念,随后基于技术进步理论分析了我国技术进步的两大来源:本国的技术创新和成果保护,以及利用国际贸易和技术引进所实现的外来技术学习,并搭建了技术进步通过产业更迭、企业技术选择、社会分工细化、信息技术使技能提高方式更加丰富这四大渠道影响技能就业结构的机理框架。其次,通过统计性分析描述了我国的技术存量和以受教育程度为标准的高技能人才比例均的纵向发展过程,二者的水平均取得了显著提升,这种情况在第三产业中尤为明显,在第一产业中却最为缺乏,从而推测出第三产业技术的进步对职业技能的高要求或是阻碍就业人口在产业间流动的重要障碍之一;并在构建两方程模型的基础上,依据2002年至2014年的省际面板数据,使用GMM-SYS计量回归方法考察技术进步对技能劳动力和非技能劳动力需求的绝对影响,进而得出相对影响,研究结果表明我国的技术进步整体上呈现出技能偏向性特点,自主研发的技术进步对低技能岗位具有破坏作用,而外来获得性技术进步对非技能劳动力的需求虽小于技能劳动力,但显著为正。最后基于上述研究结果,提出在开放经济条件下,一国既要持续引进国外先进技术,更要加大自主创新投入力度,掌握国际竞争的核心竞争力,同时要兼顾就业问题,实现技术进步和增加就业的双赢局面建议。
[Abstract]:Technological progress has dual effects on employment, so it is necessary to consider its influence on the labor market while improving the level of science and technology. Firstly, this paper defines the concept of technological progress and skill employment structure. Then, based on the theory of technological progress, this paper analyzes the two major sources of technological progress in China: the technological innovation and the protection of achievements in China, and the foreign technology learning realized by the use of international trade and technology introduction, and sets up the technological progress through industrial change. Technology selection, social division of labor, information technology to enrich the skills of the four major channels affect the structure of skills employment mechanism framework. Through statistical analysis, this paper describes the vertical development process of both the technological stock and the proportion of highly skilled talents based on the standard of educated level in China. The level of both has improved significantly, which is especially obvious in the tertiary industry. However, it is the most lacking in the primary industry, which inferred that the advancement of the tertiary industry required high vocational skills or one of the important obstacles to the flow of the employed population between industries, and based on the construction of two equation models, Based on the interprovincial panel data from 2002 to 2014, the absolute influence of technological progress on the demand of skilled and unskilled labor is investigated by using GMM-SYS regression method, and the relative impact is obtained. The results show that the technological progress of our country has the characteristics of skill bias on the whole, and the technological progress of independent R & D has a destructive effect on low-skilled jobs. However, the demand for non-skilled labor force in foreign acquired technological progress is smaller than that in skilled labor force, but it is significantly positive. Finally, based on the above research results, it is proposed that under the conditions of open economy, a country should continuously introduce advanced foreign technology. Moreover, it is necessary to increase the input of independent innovation, grasp the core competitiveness of international competition, and at the same time give consideration to the employment problem, realize the win-win situation of technological progress and increase employment.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.3;F249.21

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