安徽省农村留守妇女现状及外迁意愿研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 19:22

本文选题：安徽省　切入点：农村留守妇女　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,社会经济的高速发展带来了工业化和城镇化。工业化进程的不断加快,对劳动力的大量需求致使城镇化也得到迅速发展,加之科学技术在农业生产中得到广泛运用,大量农村劳动力从农业生产中解放出来,开始大规模向城市转移。农村女性由于受自身与外部多重因素的共同影响而在非农转移过程中滞后于男性,农村留守妇女这一特殊群体由此产生。安徽省作为农业大省,人口众多,农村劳动力人口向外输出的数量在全国范围内名列前茅,因此在同等社会制度背景下安徽省农村留守妇女现象也更加明显。目前对安徽省农村留守妇女的研究多以其留守生活状况为主,缺少关于该群体外迁意愿的研究,对其中产生的问题也缺少较为有效的对策和解决措施。因此,加大对安徽省农村留守妇女外迁意愿研究的关注力度和进行相关系统研究对解决城镇化进程中非农转移问题有着积极和深远的意义。文章以推拉理论、社会性别理论与经济利益最大化理论作为理论分析依据,结合实地问卷调查及访谈对安徽省皖南和皖北共计八个县区进行实证调研。通过普查与统计年鉴等专业数据推算出现阶段安徽省共有500万左右农村留守妇女,结合安徽省实际具体分析出农村留守妇女群体形成的三个因素:社会制度与文化、女性自身因素和家庭决策结果。通过实地问卷调查对安徽省农村留守妇女现阶段经济生活状况、政治参与状况、家庭权利归属状况和婚姻状况作出描述统计与分析。运用单因素分析与Logistic多元回归模型对农村留守妇女外迁意愿进行分析,分别设置了个体特征、家庭特征与外部环境特征3个因素共计11个变量从不同方面对安徽省农村留守妇女外迁意愿进行分析。通过研究发现,现阶段安徽省农村留守妇女的外迁意愿较低,但其中还存在一定数量暂时并未想好将来是否要外迁,即有潜在外迁意愿的农村留守妇女。现阶段农村留守妇女的留守生活和外迁后的生活还存在着一系列问题,这些问题不仅影响着该群体自身也对城镇化进程与农村经济与文化的发展产生负面影响。文章针对这一系列问题结合省情提出相应的对策与建议:增加农村留守妇女的人力资本积累加强职业教育,改善留守生活;改善农村留守妇女的政治参与状况,保障自身与家庭权益;重视文化生活对农村留守妇女的积极作用,营造良好文化氛围;改善外部环境与制度环境,利用政策体系全面保障农村留守妇女外迁后的生活。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of social economy has brought about industrialization and urbanization. In addition, science and technology have been widely used in agricultural production, and a large number of rural labor forces have been liberated from agricultural production. Rural women lagged behind men in the process of non-agricultural transfer because of the influence of their own and external factors, and the special group of rural women left behind came into being. Anhui Province was a big agricultural province. With a large population, the output of rural labor force is among the highest in the whole country. Therefore, under the background of the same social system, the phenomenon of rural left-behind women in Anhui Province is more obvious. There is also a lack of effective countermeasures and solutions to the problems arising there.Therefore, It is of positive and far-reaching significance to pay more attention to the study of rural left-behind women's willingness to move out of Anhui Province and to carry out related systematic research to solve the problem of non-agricultural transfer in the process of urbanization. The theory of gender and the theory of maximization of economic benefits are used as the theoretical basis for the analysis. Based on the field survey and interviews, this paper makes an empirical investigation on the eight counties and districts in southern and northern Anhui Province. Through the professional data such as census and statistical yearbook, it is estimated that there are about 5 million rural left-behind women in Anhui Province. Combined with the actual situation in Anhui Province, the paper analyzes three factors that form the rural women's group: social system and culture. Women's own factors and family decision making results. Through the field questionnaire survey, the current economic life and political participation of rural left-behind women in Anhui Province are investigated. Family rights and marital status are described and analyzed. Univariate analysis and Logistic multivariate regression model are used to analyze the willingness of rural women left behind to move out, and individual characteristics are set up, respectively. The three factors of family characteristics and external environmental characteristics are 11 variables to analyze the rural women's willingness to move out from different aspects in Anhui Province. Through the study, it is found that the rural women in Anhui province are less willing to emigrate. However, there are still a certain number of rural left-behind women who do not have a good idea of whether to move out in the future, that is, rural left-behind women who have the potential to move out. At the present stage, there are still a series of problems in the left-behind life of rural left-behind women and their life after emigration. These problems not only affect the group itself, but also have a negative impact on the process of urbanization and the development of rural economy and culture. Women's human capital accumulation strengthens vocational education, Improve the left-behind life, improve the political participation of rural left-behind women, protect their own and family rights and interests, attach importance to the positive role of cultural life on rural left-behind women, create a good cultural atmosphere, improve the external environment and institutional environment, Make use of the policy system to ensure the life of the rural women left behind after they have moved out of the country.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.68

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