中国及典型地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 16:28

本文选题：ATSR　切入点：MODIS　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Opitcal Thickness,AOT 或 Aerosol Opitcal Depth,AOD)是表征大气浑浊程度的关键物理量,也是确定气溶胶气候效应的关键因子。中国霾污染日益严重,人为气溶胶的增加与霾污染有着密切联系,但具体人类活动对其影响机制目前还不清楚,因此,利用长时间序列AOT数据,开展和国民经济生产等活动的相关性分析,找到可能的关键因素,对科学预测及有效地监控区域大气颗粒物污染和政府治理大气环境有着实际的指导意义。同时,气溶胶光学厚度长时间序列时空分布的研究,是分析气溶胶气候效应的基础,也是研究气溶胶与全球变暖、南涝北旱、季风雨带等相互作用的关键。本文基于 MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)、Along TrackScanning Radiometer(ATSR)卫星的气溶胶光学厚度数据、AErosol RObotic NETwork(AERONET)地基气溶胶光学厚度数据以及中国国家统计局的统计数据,对我国(不包括南海诸岛)1995年至2015年的气溶胶光学厚度时间变化和空间分布进行分析,并以长三角城市群(以下简称"长三角")为典型研究区域,重点分析1995-2015年长三角地区的AOT时空变化特征及人类活动(能源消费结构、汽车保有量、高污染行业产品、城市建设)对该地区AOT变化的影响。主要研究结论如下:1)中国地区气溶胶光学厚度呈明显上升趋势分3个阶段:1995-2002年(第一阶段)和2010-2015年(第三阶段)上升,2002-2010年(第二阶段)波动发展。对中国近21年气溶胶光学厚度数变化贡献率最高的是秋冬季节,AOT月均值整体呈波浪形,最高值出现在2月,最低值在9月。在空间分布上,长三角是AOT主要高值区。2)长三角AOT年变化与全国AOT年变化趋势基本一致,起拉动作用,拉动增长率为82%。第一阶段增长明显快于全国,第三阶段则慢于全国。长三角AOT月变化整体呈W型,最大值出现在1月,最小值在9月。在季节变化上,秋季AOT增加趋势最为明显,对长三角地区近21年气溶胶光学厚度数增长贡献率依次为是冬季、秋季、夏季。此外,长三角AOT的季节波动大于全国,9月长三角AOT对全国AOT贡献较大,拉动增长率为127%,贡献最大的季节为冬季,最小为春季。3)就空间变化而言,长三角AOT高值区基本分布在地势较低的北翼平原地区,而低值区分布在南翼山地丘陵区,上海地区及苏南地区出现AOT最大值,并且不断向四周延浙江大学硕士学位论文摘要伸,出现向浙江北部、安徽南部地区转移的趋势,其原因可能是上海市的粗钢生产量和水泥产量分别从2011年和2006年开始持续减少,而江苏、安徽省在不断增加。4)总体而言,对长三角AOT影响较大的人类活动是交通、高污染行业生产和化石能源消费。其中,汽车保有量影响最为明显,但是汽车保有量影响对AOT长期变化趋势影响不大,仅近5年有较大影响。北翼地区高污染行业对AOT的贡献主要来自江苏省、安徽省的工业生产。5)1995-2015年整个长三角及其南翼地区AOT具有以18个月为周期的变化特征,北翼地区周期为20个月,这与南北气候差异周期变化相近。本文研究结果对长三角治理区域大气污染找准突破口、建设具有全球影响力的世界级城市群也具有现实指导意义,对中国乃至全球其他类似工业区有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The aerosol optical thickness (Aerosol Opitcal Thickness, AOT or Aerosol Opitcal Depth, AOD) is a key physical characterization of atmospheric turbidity degree, is also a key factor in determining climate effect of aerosol. China haze pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the increase of anthropogenic aerosols and haze pollution are closely linked, but the impact of human activities on the specific mechanism is still not clearly, therefore, the use of long time series AOT data, correlation analysis and carry out economic activities such as production, find the key factors that may, for the scientific prediction and effective control of regional atmospheric particulate matter pollution and atmospheric environmental governance has a practical guiding significance. At the same time, long time series of aerosol optical thickness distribution that is the basis of analysis of climate effects of aerosols, aerosol and also on global warming, nalaobeihan, monsoon rain belt interactions of the key. Based on MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Along TrackScanning Radiometer (ATSR) aerosol optical thickness of the satellite data, AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) foundation of aerosol optical thickness data and statistical Chinese National Bureau of statistics data of China (not including the South China Sea Islands) distribution of aerosol optical thickness change of time and space from 1995 to 2015 the analysis, taking the Yangtze River Delta city group (hereinafter referred to as the "Yangtze River Delta") as a typical research area, focus on the analysis of the Yangtze River Delta region 1995-2015 years AOT spatial variations and human activities (the energy consumption structure, car ownership, high pollution industry products, City Construction) impact on AOT changes in the area. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) aerosol optical thickness Chinese area increased obviously divided into 3 stages: 1995-2002 years (the first stage) and 2010-2015 years (No. Three) rise, 2002-2010 years (second stage). The contribution rate of Chinese fluctuation in recent 21 years, the aerosol optical thickness change is the highest in autumn and winter, AOT monthly mean wavely overall, the highest value in February, the lowest in September. In the spatial distribution, the Yangtze River Delta is the main area of high value.2 AOT the annual variation trend of the Yangtze River Delta) AOT change and national AOT consistent play role in boosting the growth rate for the first stage of 82%. growth significantly faster than the national, the third stage is slower than the national average. The Yangtze River Delta AOT month overall change is W, the maximum value appeared in January, the minimum value in September. The seasonal changes in autumn. AOT increased the most obvious trend of the Yangtze River Delta region in the past 21 years, the number of aerosol optical thickness growth contribution rate in winter, autumn and summer. In addition, seasonal fluctuations in Yangtze River Delta AOT Delta AOT is larger than the national, September of the national AOT contribution, pull the increase The long rate is 127%, the biggest contribution for the winter season, the smallest spring.3) as for spatial distribution, the Yangtze River Delta AOT high value area of basic distribution in low-lying north plain area, while the low value area in hilly area of South Shanghai area and South of Jiangsu area, the maximum value of AOT, and to four the distribution of graduate thesis of Zhejiang University Abstract extension, to the north of Zhejiang, south of Anhui transfer trend, the reason may be Shanghai's crude steel production and cement production respectively from 2011 and 2006 to continue to decrease, while in Jiangsu, in Anhui province is increasing.4) overall, AOT large human activities in the Yangtze River Delta effect of traffic, high pollution industry production and fossil energy consumption. Among them, the most obvious effect of car ownership, but car ownership effect on AOT long-term trend has little effect, has great influence only North for nearly 5 years. High wing area pollution industry's contribution to AOT mainly from Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, the industrial production of.5 AOT) and south of the entire Yangtze River Delta region for 1995-2015 years with 18 months for changes in the characteristics of the cycle, the north wing area period is 20 months, and the difference between the north and the south is nearly periodic variation of the results of this study on the Yangtze River Delta. Regional air pollution control breakthrough, a world-class city group construction with global influence has practical significance and has reference significance to other similar Chinese and global industrial zone.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X513

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