长江三角洲地区土地生态敏感性时空分析

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:14

本文选题：长江三角洲　切入点：土地利用　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国经济建设的发展和城市化进程的加快,出现生态环境状况急剧恶化,城市的污染日益严重,土地资源短缺等生态问题,严重影响了人们的身体健康以及经济建设与可持续发展。长江三角洲是中国综合实力最强的经济中心,丰富的土地资源和独特的地理位置使其成为中国最具战略意义的发展空间。发展城市经济的同时,其土地利用结构也发生了剧烈变化,非农建设用地占用大量生态用地,加之生态环境脆弱,生态环境问题突出。因此,伴随着生态长江三角洲的建设,研究其土地利用和生态服务价值的特点及其动态演变规律,对长江三角洲的生态敏感性进行分析和评价并提出相应对策,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文以长江三角洲为研究目标,进行了基础资料的收集和整理,包括自然环境情况、社会经济情况、生态环境问题等。通过这些基础性的研究,为长江三角洲空间优化的研究提供了依据。选择长江三角洲2000年、2014年两期LandsatTM遥感影像为数据支撑,以遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)为技术平台,构建土地利用/覆被变化数据库。为长江三角洲生态敏感性综合评价研究奠定了基础。首先在获取长江三角洲土地利用数据基础上,选用土地利用变化幅度、土地利用变化速度二大模型从空间结构变化、数量及程度的角度分析了2000年~2014年长江三角洲土地利用时空变化特征,并采用经济学中用于表示国民收入分配差距的洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数,绘制洛伦兹曲线,分析长江三角洲土地利用结构特征。其次,以长江三角洲16地市2000~2014年的土地利用数据和相关统计资料为数据源,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算方法,参照修正后的生态系统单位面积生态服务价值系数,基于马尔科夫(Markov)预测模型,借助土地利用转移矩阵等指标量化分析生态系统服务价值的时空演化规律,并对其未来5年的发展趋势进行了预测分析。再通过分析土地利用变化下的生态敏感性影响机制,采用弹性概念的生态敏感性指数模型,利用2015~2020年长江三角洲的土地利用变更数据对其5年的生态敏感性进行时空演变规律研究。最后,基于对长江三角洲土地生态环境问题的分析,结合生态敏感性原理以及资料的可获性,合理的选取自然环境保护区、土壤质地、水环境、道路交通、土地利用类型评价因子,从生态学角度建立指标体系,分别从单因子、多因子角度对长江三角洲的土地生态环境敏感性进行评价。并基于生态环境敏感性评价结果,利用自然断点法(Natural Break)对长江三角洲进行土地生态系统敏感性分区,确定了极敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和不敏感区,根据5个不同敏感区类型特征,提出长江三角洲土地生态保护建议与对策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of economic construction and the acceleration of urbanization in China, ecological problems such as rapid deterioration of ecological environment, increasing pollution of cities, shortage of land resources, etc. It has seriously affected people's health, economic construction and sustainable development. The Yangtze River Delta is the most powerful economic center in China. Rich land resources and unique geographical location make it the most strategic development space in China. With the development of urban economy, the land use structure has changed dramatically, and non-agricultural construction land occupies a large number of ecological land. Therefore, with the construction of ecological Yangtze River Delta, the characteristics of land use and ecological service value and its dynamic evolution law are studied. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to analyze and evaluate the ecological sensitivity of the Yangtze River Delta and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. Including natural environment, social and economic conditions, ecological and environmental problems, etc. Through these basic research, This paper provides the basis for the study of spatial optimization in the Yangtze River Delta. Two issues of LandsatTM remote sensing images in the Yangtze River Delta on 2000 and 2014 are selected as data support, with RS and GIS as the technical platforms. The database of land use / cover change is constructed, which lays a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of ecological sensitivity in the Yangtze River Delta. Firstly, the extent of land use change is selected on the basis of obtaining land use data of the Yangtze River Delta. From the point of view of spatial structure change, quantity and degree, two models of land use change speed have analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics of land use in the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2014. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, which are used to represent the gap of national income distribution in economics, are used to draw the Lorenz curve to analyze the land use structure characteristics in the Yangtze River Delta. Based on the land use data and related statistical data of 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2014, the Costanza ecosystem service value calculation method was adopted, and the revised ecosystem service value coefficient per unit area was consulted. Based on Markov Markov forecasting model, the temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service value is quantitatively analyzed by means of land use transfer matrix and other indicators. The development trend in the next five years is forecasted and analyzed. The ecological sensitivity index model of elastic concept is adopted by analyzing the mechanism of ecological sensitivity under land use change. Based on the land use change data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2015 to 2020, the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological sensitivity of the Yangtze River Delta is studied. Finally, based on the analysis of the land ecological environment problems in the Yangtze River Delta, According to the principle of ecological sensitivity and the availability of data, the evaluation factors of natural environment reserve, soil texture, water environment, road traffic and land use type were selected reasonably, and the index system was established from the angle of ecology. The sensitivity of land ecological environment in the Yangtze River Delta is evaluated from the point of view of multiple factors, and based on the results of the assessment of ecological environmental sensitivity, the natural breakpoint method is used to subdivide the land ecosystem sensitivity of the Yangtze River Delta. The extremely sensitive area, high sensitive area, moderate sensitive area, mild sensitive area and insensitive area were determined. According to the characteristics of five different sensitive areas, the suggestions and countermeasures for land ecological protection in the Yangtze River Delta were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;F301.2

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