金融资源非均衡分布下收入分配现状及制度改善

发布时间：2018-03-03 23:07

本文选题：金融资源　切入点：非均衡分布　出处：《武汉工程大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1978年以来,中国金融行业得到了发展迅速,总资产在不断增加。与此同时,金融效率也在不断提高,人们的生活水平也在提高,但另一方面,金融资源分布的非均衡导致了居民贫富两极分化,城乡居民收入差距扩大的现象。长期以来,城乡二元经济结构是造成城乡居民收入差距化、城乡金融发展不均衡持续化的重要原因之一。纵观我国城乡居民收入差距水平不难看出,金融资源发展自身有明显的城乡二元化倾向。所以在金融资源非均衡的分布下,如何通过我国金融发展政策缩小收入差距,从而使得收入分配能够合理化,这对于全面建设小康社会具有重要意义。金融手段作为一种资源配置的方式,使金融资源分布与居民收入分配之间存着复杂的关系。我国金融资源的发展需要通过经济增长效应、门槛效应以及政策导向效来对居民的收入进行再分配。当前,我国的收入分配存在着区域经济发展不平衡,城乡收入差距大,不同社会群体和不同行业间收入差距逐渐扩大的趋势。改革开放以来,区域间、城乡间经济发展不平衡,差距逐渐扩大的趋势日益明显。造成经济增长不平衡的原因总体上是历史的、自然的、政治的、经济的、社会的和文化的诸多方面因素综合作用的结果。本文侧重从金融资源的角度出发,结合理论分析和实证研究两方面,来探析区域金融资源分布的非均衡与收入分配不平衡之间的相互关系以及改善途径。首先,本文以回顾金融资源与城乡收入差距等相关文献出发,对1978以来我国城乡收入差距以及东、中、西部地区金融资源非均衡发展状况进行统计分析。在实证分析方面,本文创新性的选择如金融机构存贷款、地区保费收入、外商投资等涉及衡量金融资源的指标对金融资源进行分析。其次,利用线性回归的检验方法,运用SPSS软件,对金融资源发展中各个变量和居民收入差距的相关性进行检验。根据实证分析结果可以发现,金融规模的扩大更加导致城乡居民的收入差距,这样就会在较大程度上对我国区域经济均衡发展产生抑制。改善金融资源非均衡将会降低国民收入的差异性,缩小城乡之间的收入差距,改善二元经济结构,从而促进经济增长对收入分配的减贫效果。在短期内来进行分析,中国金融发展规模、效率、结构以及经济增长对于全国基尼系数、城乡收入差距的影响都是偏离长期均衡的。因此,金融资源合理均衡的发展对于缩小收入分配的差距有着积极的作用,缩小收入分配差距作为中国金融发展的重要目标不能改变。中国金融发展的过程中需要适度发展金融规模、金融深度和金融结构,从而改善我国的非均衡收入分配制度,努力缩小我国居民的收入差距,促进我国经济持续、完善的快速发展。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, China's financial industry has developed rapidly and its total assets have been increasing. At the same time, financial efficiency and people's living standards have also been improving, but on the other hand, The unbalanced distribution of financial resources leads to the polarization between the rich and the poor and the widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents. For a long time, the urban-rural dual economic structure has resulted in the urban-rural income gap. It is not difficult to see that the development of financial resources itself has an obvious tendency of urban-rural dualization, so under the disequilibrium distribution of financial resources, it is not difficult to see that the development of financial resources has an obvious tendency of urban-rural dualization. How to narrow the income gap through the financial development policy of our country, so as to rationalize the income distribution, which is of great significance for building a well-off society in an all-round way. The development of financial resources in China needs to redistribute residents' income through economic growth effect, threshold effect and policy guidance effect. The income distribution of our country has the tendency of unbalanced development of regional economy, wide income gap between urban and rural areas, and widening income gap between different social groups and different industries. Since the reform and opening up, the economic development between regions and between urban and rural areas has been unbalanced. The trend of the widening gap is becoming increasingly obvious. The reasons for the imbalance in economic growth are, on the whole, historical, natural, political, and economic. This paper focuses on the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research from the perspective of financial resources. To explore the relationship between the disequilibrium of regional financial resources distribution and the imbalance of income distribution and the ways to improve it. Firstly, this paper reviews the relevant literature on financial resources and the income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the income gap between urban and rural areas and the unbalanced development of financial resources in the east, middle and west of China since 1978. In the empirical analysis, this paper makes innovative choices such as deposit and loan of financial institutions, regional premium income, etc. Foreign investment and other indicators related to the measurement of financial resources are used to analyze financial resources. Secondly, using the test method of linear regression, using SPSS software, According to the empirical analysis, we can find that the expansion of financial scale leads to the income gap between urban and rural residents. In this way, to a large extent, it will restrain the balanced development of regional economy in China. Improving the disequilibrium of financial resources will reduce the difference of national income, narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and improve the dual economic structure. So as to promote the effect of economic growth on the poverty reduction of income distribution. In the short term, the scale, efficiency, structure and economic growth of China's financial development will contribute to the national Gini coefficient. The influence of urban-rural income gap is deviated from long-term equilibrium. Therefore, the reasonable and balanced development of financial resources plays a positive role in narrowing the gap of income distribution. Narrowing the income distribution gap as an important goal of China's financial development cannot be changed. In the process of China's financial development, it is necessary to develop the financial scale, financial depth and financial structure in order to improve China's unbalanced income distribution system. Strive to narrow the income gap of Chinese residents and promote the sustained and perfect rapid development of our economy.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832;F126.2

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