集体土地优先承包权行使问题实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 11:42

本文选题：集体土地　切入点：土地承包经营权　出处：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文立足于农村集体土地优先承包权纠纷案件的审理,对司法实践中经常遇见、存有争议的法律问题,在量化统计以及学界观点总结归纳的基础上,就优先承包权行使的相关问题和权利构成要件进行探讨和总结,并提出自己的建议,以期对审判实践工作有所裨益。本文对于相关问题的主要观点主要有以下几点:首先,关于优先承包权的权利主张对象,若优先承包权的权利来源是法律规定,那么权利人可向对权利造成侵害的所有主体进行权利主张。若优先承包权的权利来源是合同约定,那么以第三人善意与否分为两种情况:第三人善意时,权利人仅能向合同相对方进行权利主张;第三人恶意时,权利人应同时向合同相对方以及第三人主张权利。第二,关于“同等条件”的认定标准,将与发包方或流转方利益密切相关的条件作为“同等条件”的认定标准,提出“同等条件”中的“条件”应当包括农业技术力量、资金状况、信誉状况、义务承担等安全保障方面的条件,以及包括承包价款、承包期限、承包土地范围等利益最大化方面的条件。第三,关于因程序违法而侵害法定优先承包权的合同效力认定,因程序违法而侵害法定优先承包权的合同应当是效力待定合同。待村委会重新召开村民大会,经2/3以上村民代表同意则合同认定为有效,若未达到2/3以上村民代表同意或者集体经济组织并未召开村民会议予以追认,则合同应为无效。第四,关于权利人违约与优先承包权的关系认定,法定优先承包权人即使违约也并不一定丧失优先承包权,能否行使权利应对应具体情况,若其依然具备立法对于承包经营权人的强行义务要求的条件,则其仍可行使优先承包权。约定优先承包权根据约定优先承包权人的违约程度而具体分析。若根本违约导致合同关系解除那么权利人丧失优先承包权;若违约程度不严重或合同中明确约定了违约的处理方式,那么权利人在仍符合立法对于承包经营权人的义务要求的情况下仍可继续行使优先承包权。第五,关于权利冲突的处理标准,当法定优先承包权与约定优先承包权相冲突时,以优先保护集体经济组织成员利益为原则,法定优先于约定。合同约定的承包期限届满后,原承包方主张优先承包权与其他主体的权利相冲突时,分三种情况讨论,第一种情况是原承包方是本集体经济组织成员且约定了优先承包权,当与其他主体权利冲突时,原承包方的优先承包权优先;第二种情况是原承包方是本集体经济组织成员但未约定优先承包权,原承包合同到期后集体经济组织内的其他成员也要求行使优先承包权,这种情况属于集体经济组织的内部事务,发包方或流转方可依据具体情况选择缔约相对方。第三种情况是原承包方是非本集体经济组织成员,承包期结束后原承包方与其他主体同时要求行使优先承包权。这种情况下,如果其他主体是本集体经济组织成员,则本集体经济组织成员的权利优先;如果其他的纠纷主体并非本集体经济组织成员,那么要看原承包合同是否约定了优先承包权,若有约定则应支持原承包方的优先承包权,若无约定则不涉及优先承包权的问题,由发包方或流转方依据具体情况选择缔约相对方。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the priority of rural collective land contract right dispute case, the judicial practice often encounter legal problems disputed, based on quantitative statistics and summarized the academic point of view on the issues related to the exercise of the right of priority rights and contracting elements are summarized and discussed, and put forward its own suggestion to the work is helpful in judicial practice. The main points of this paper for the related problems are mainly the following: first, on the priority right to contract claims, if the prior contract rights is the source of the law, so the right people can claim to all subject to infringe upon the rights. If the priority right of contracting the right is the source of the contract, then to the third person in good faith or not is divided into two types: third people in good faith, human rights only to the contract rights advocate; third Malicious, human rights should be at the same time to contract and claim third. Second standard of "equal conditions", and is closely related to the interests of the employer or the transfer conditions as the criteria for identification of "equal conditions", the "equal condition" in the "conditions" should include agricultural technical force money, status, reputation status, obligations and other security conditions, including contract price, contract period, land contracting scope to maximize the benefits of the conditions. Third, about the validity because of illegal procedure against the legal priority right to contract the contract, due to illegal procedure against the legal priority right to contract the contract shall be is the indefinite contract. The village committee to convene a village meeting, by over 2/3 of the villagers' representatives agreed to contract is deemed valid, if not more than 2/3 or the villagers' representatives agreed to set The economic organization did not ratify the villagers held a meeting, the contract should be invalid. Fourth, found on the right relationship between breach of contract and the priority right to contract, legal priority contracting party even if the breach does not necessarily lose the priority right of contracting, can exercise the right to the specific situation, if they still have legislation for the mandatory requirements of the obligor the right to the contracted management of the condition, it is still the priority right to contract. Contract is contracted according to the extent of breach of contract agreement first contracting party and specific analysis. If the fundamental breach causes the contract termination loss is contracted and rights; if the default degree is not serious or expressly agreed in the contract processing default. So the right people in the legislation is still in accordance with the requirements for human rights obligations under the contract will continue to exercise the priority right to contract. Fifth, the standard of rights conflict And when the statutory priority contract right and priority of agreement contract right conflict, to give priority to the protection of the interests of the members of the collective economic organizations as the principle, legal priority in the contract. The contract deadline stipulated in the contract after the expiry of the original contractor claim priority conflict with other contracting rights, three cases discussed first is the original contractor is the members of the collective economic organization and stipulated the priority right of contracting with other subjects when the conflict of rights, the original contractor's priority right to contract priority; the second is the original contractor is the members of the collective economic organization but no agreement is contracted, other members of the collective economic organization the original contract expires after the exercise is contracted, which belongs to the collective economic organizations in the internal affairs of the employer or the transfer can be based on the specific circumstances of each other. The third phase selection of contracting situation is the original contract Package is non members of the collective economic organizations, the term of the contract after the end of the original contracting party and the other main exercise is contracted and. In this case, if the other subjects are the members of the collective economic organization, are members of the collective economic organizations of the priority of rights; if other dispute is not the main members of the collective economic organization, so to see whether the original contract agreement is contracted, if there is contracted agreed should support the original contractor, if no agreement is not involved in priority right of contracting, by the employer or the transfer party according to specific conditions of selection of contracting parties to each other.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.32

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