松原灌区农业活动影响下的地下水质量及健康风险评价

发布时间：2018-03-06 11:35

本文选题：松原灌区　切入点：地下水　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,其质量的好坏、水环境的健康程度,对当地人类生活、社会经济以及生态环境具有重要影响。松原灌区位于吉林省西部平原区,是吉林省增产百亿斤商品粮能力计划的重点工程,灌区的建设为研究区农业生产提供了有效的水量保证,但由于土地增加,为提高农业产量而大量施用化肥农药,带来了大量的农业非点源污染,由此对区域水环境造成污染。本文针对松原灌区农业非点源污染可能对水体质量及健康的影响与风险等问题,结合Johnes输出系数模型及水化学分析软件等综合应用,对研究区进行农业活动影响下的地下水质量及可能带来的健康风险评价,为该区水资源开发及灌区农业生产管理提供科学依据。本文主要开展了一下研究:(1)根据收集的吉林省统计年鉴及吉林省污染普查数据库数据,系统分析灌区种植业、畜禽养殖业、农村生活污染状况,建立农业非点源污染负荷Johnes输出系数模型,进行污染负荷计算,定量估算可能进入水体的污染物。研究区每年产生的农业氮磷污染物,通过径流渗透等方式进入地下水体,对水体环境造成较大的影响。(2)利用灌区60个地下水样品点和地表水化学测试数据,利用SPSS软件对水化学参数进行统计,分析地下水水化学特征及其形成作用,利用Aquachem软件进行水体化学成因变化规律研究。(3)在灌区农业污染背景及水化学特征分析的基础上,采用单指标评价法和模糊数学评价方法对研究区进行地下水质量现状评价,研究区由新近系承压水到第四系承压水至第四系潜水由深层到浅层过程中,超过饮用标准的IV类水、V类水逐渐增多,水质所受污染不断增大,地下水水质逐渐变差。(4)结合水质测试数据及评价结果,选择地下水中硝态氮为主要污染元素,采用美国环保局(EPA)提供的非致癌评价风险模型,对研究区地下水中硝态氮进行健康风险评价。研究区地下水中硝态氮的健康风险指数(THI)的范围为0.00-24.01,超标率达41.67%。利用ArcGIS软件绘制地下水硝态氮的健康风险评价结果图,风险区面积占总面积的59.18%。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is an important part of water resources. The quality of groundwater and the health of water environment have an important influence on the local human life, social economy and ecological environment. It is a key project in Jilin Province's capacity plan to increase production of 100 billion catties of commodity grain. The construction of irrigation districts provides an effective water guarantee for agricultural production in the research area. However, due to the increase in land, a large number of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied to increase agricultural yields. It brings a large amount of agricultural non-point source pollution, which pollutes the regional water environment. This paper aims at the possible impact and risk of agricultural non-point source pollution on water quality and health in Songyuan Irrigation District. Combined with the comprehensive application of Johnes output coefficient model and hydrochemical analysis software, the groundwater quality and potential health risk were evaluated under the influence of agricultural activities in the study area. To provide scientific basis for water resources development and agricultural production management in irrigation area. This paper mainly carried out a study on the planting industry of irrigation area based on the collected statistics yearbook of Jilin Province and the data of Jilin Province pollution census database. Livestock and poultry farming, rural life pollution, Johnes output coefficient model of agricultural non-point source pollution load was established, the pollution load was calculated, and the possible pollutants that might enter water body were estimated quantitatively. The agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants produced annually in the study area were estimated. The groundwater environment is greatly affected by runoff infiltration. (2) the chemical test data of 60 groundwater samples and surface water in irrigation area are used to calculate the hydrochemical parameters by using SPSS software. Based on the analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and its formation, and the study on the regularity of formation of water chemistry with Aquachem software, the background of agricultural pollution and the characteristics of hydrochemistry in irrigation area were analyzed. The present situation of groundwater quality in the study area is evaluated by single index evaluation method and fuzzy mathematics method. The process of groundwater quality in the study area is from Neogene confined water to Quaternary confined water to Quaternary phreatic water from deep to shallow. The water quality of class IV water is increasing, the pollution of groundwater is increasing, and the groundwater quality is getting worse. (4) combined with the water quality test data and evaluation results, the nitrate nitrogen in groundwater is selected as the main pollution element. Using the non-carcinogenic assessment risk model provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The health risk assessment of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater was carried out in the study area. The range of health risk index (THI) of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater was 0.00-24.01, and the excess rate was 41.67. The result map of health risk assessment of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater was drawn by ArcGIS software. The area of risk area accounts for 59.18% of the total area.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X824

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