发起人金融资产证券化会计研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 00:24

本文选题：发起人　切入点：金融资产终止确认　出处：《中国财政科学研究院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：资产证券化作为一种金融创新工具,自20世纪70年代在美国出现后,在世界各经济大国得到了迅速的发展。自2005年建设银行发行第一单信贷资产证券化项目以来,我国资产证券化业务取得了较快的发展。尤其近几年,包括信贷资产证券化和企业资产证券化在内的资产证券化业务发展迅速,资产证券化产品不断创新。但是资产证券化创新的交易模式有可能带来新的风险,尤其金融资产证券化业务复杂的交易结构会带来复杂的会计处理问题,这对会计学术界和实务界均有一定的挑战。另外,我国金融资产证券化业务开展较晚,相关的会计规范有待于进一步完善。因此,本文对金融资产证券化会计进行研究,有一定的理论和实践意义。本文运用规范研究法,在行文中运用了归纳、演绎、对比和举例等具体方法,主要研究发起人金融资产证券化两个方面的会计问题:一是金融资产终止确认,二是特殊目的实体(SPE)的合并。首先,介绍了金融资产证券化的相关概念、金融资产终止确认的相关理论基础和国内外现行会计准则关于上述两个问题处理方法的历史变迁,并对相关处理方法进行了评析。其次,分析了我国资产证券化业务相关会计准则在理论上和实际应用中存在的问题。我国金融资产证券化会计主要存在以下两方面问题:一是在金融资产终止确认方面,继续涉入法在理论上不能很好的符合会计准则内在逻辑一致性的要求,风险报酬转移判断标准缺乏有效的约束性,控制的判断标准并没有发挥出有效的作用;二是在特殊目的实体合并方面,“主要责任人”判断标准较为模糊,“可变回报”界定不够清晰。最后,结合理论分析和实践方面的问题,提出了以下建议:一是在金融资产终止确认方面,建议以控制权转移为核心,完善金融资产终止确认方法,建议统一风险报酬转移测试模型;二是在特殊目的实体合并方面,建议明确“主要责任人”概念,确立“主要责任人”测试流程,建议进一步明确“可变回报”的内涵。本文的主要创新点有两方面:第一,在金融资产终止确认方面,尝试从会计目标理论、会计准则制定基础出发,从是否符合会计准则内在逻辑一致性的角度,论述各种终止确认方法的优缺点。同时,结合IASB与FASB在改进相关准则过程中的尝试和我国金融资产证券化实务中的具体情况,提出了以控制权转移为第一判断标准,同时将风险报酬转移作为第二判断标准,再配合继续涉入法对后续涉入资产和负债进行计量的金融资产终止确认方法;第二,在特殊目的实体合并方面,本文在我国合并准则应用指南的基础上,结合FASB的观点和我国金融资产证券化实务的情况,尝试提出了完善“可变回报”概念,明确“主要责任”概念,确立“主要责任人”测试流程。本文的不足有三点:一是本文仅涉及了国际会计准则、美国会计准则以及中国会计准则在金融资产证券化方面的相关规定,并未对世界上其他主要国家的准则制定机构的相关会计规范进行说明,可能会遗漏一些观点;二是为使研究问题更加聚焦,本文集中研究发起人的两个会计问题:金融资产终止确认和特殊目的实体合并,对发起人金融资产证券化的其他会计问题(资产的初始计量、后续计量和信息披露)并未涉及。三是,由于近年来多数资产证券化产品私募发行,相关项目计划书没有公开披露。因此,本文无法覆盖所有资产证券化业务,在实践数据方面存在一定不足。
[Abstract]:Asset securitization as a financial innovation tool, since 1970s in the United States, has a rapid development in the economic power in the world. Since the issuance of Construction Bank in 2005 the first single credit asset securitization, asset securitization business in China has achieved rapid development. Especially in recent years, including the securitization of credit assets and enterprise asset securitization, asset securitization business development is rapid, innovative asset securitization products. But the asset securitization transaction mode may bring new risks, especially the financial transaction structure of asset securitization business complex will bring accounting problems in complex, the challenge to accounting academics and practice industry has carried out later. In addition, China's financial asset securitization business, the accounting standards need to be further improved. Therefore, the financial asset securitization Study on accounting, have certain theoretical and practical significance. This paper uses normative research method, in this paper the use of induction, deduction, comparison and example of specific methods, the main research initiated accounting problems in two aspects of financial asset securitization of financial assets: one is the termination confirmation, two is a special purpose entity (SPE) combined. Firstly, introduces the concept of securitization of financial assets, financial assets are derecognised the relevant theoretical basis and the current accounting standards on the two issues above historical changes of processing methods, and processing methods are analyzed. Secondly, analyzes the existing in theory and practical application of business China's asset securitization related accounting standards. China's financial asset securitization accounting mainly has the following two aspects: one is to confirm the termination of financial assets, the continuing involvement in theory Not very good compliance with accounting standards of internal logic consistency requirements, risk return shifting criteria of the lack of effective constraints, standard control did not play an effective role; two is the special purpose entity with respect, "the main responsibility" judgment standard is vague, "variable returns" are not defined clear. Finally, combined with the problems of theory and practice, put forward the following suggestions: one is the confirmation of the termination of financial assets, proposed to transfer control as the core, improve the financial assets are derecognised, suggestions for unified risk return shifting test model; two is the special purpose entity merging, suggest a clear concept the main responsibility ", the establishment of" process of the main responsible person "test, it is recommended to further clarify the connotation of" variable returns ". The main innovation of this paper has two aspects: first, in the financial Assets are derecognised, try the theory from accounting goal, accounting basis, from compliance with accounting standards internal logic consistency perspective, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various termination confirmation method. At the same time, the combination of IASB and FASB in the improvement of the specific circumstances of the relevant standards in the process of trying and financial asset securitization in our country in practice the proposed transfer of control rights as the first criterion, while the risk return shifting as the second criterion, combined with the continuing involvement of the subsequent involvement of assets and liabilities measured by financial asset is derecognised method; in second, with special purpose entities, based on the application guide of our merger criterion. FASB, combined with the views of financial asset securitization practice, try to put forward to improve the "variable return" concept, clear the main responsibility "concept, establish" The main responsibility "test process. The shortcoming of this paper has three points: first, this paper relates only to the international accounting standards, the relevant provisions of the financial asset securitization of American accounting standards and Chinese accounting standards, accounting standard does not in the world other major national standard setting institutions that may be missing some views the two is to make the research problems; more focused, two accounting problems this paper focuses on the promoters: financial assets are derecognised and special purpose entities with the sponsors, asset securitization and other financial accounting problems (initial measurement, the assets of the subsequent measurement and disclosure of information) is not involved. Three, because in recent years the majority of assets securitization products private placement, public disclosure of relevant project books. Therefore, this paper does not cover all the asset securitization business, in practice there are aspects of a data It's not enough.

【学位授予单位】：中国财政科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.51;F275

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