基于AHP-熵权法的绿色建筑技术经济性评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 21:46

本文选题：绿色建筑技术　切入点：成本—效益分析　出处：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着当代社会经济快速发展,能源消耗所带来的资源短缺危机和环境污染问题日益凸现,并严重影响人类的生存与发展。据统计,全球建筑行业的能源消耗大约占全球能源总消耗的30-40%,是全球能源消耗和温室气体排放领域的重要组成部分。在我国人均资源短缺的背景下,在不断推进的城镇化进程中,建筑业迎来大发展的同时,建筑能耗和碳排放量还将会持续大幅度增长,建筑业走一条节能环保的可持续发展道路迫在眉睫。近十年来,绿色建筑带着低消耗、低污染的“环保标签”走进人们的视野,建筑业作为能源消耗的“巨头”行业应积极响应我国的可持续发展战略——发展绿色建筑。虽然在政府的积极倡导下,绿色建筑迎来了良好的发展前景,但是,绿色建筑较传统建筑而言初始投资更多,绿色建筑带来的效益在短期内也无法显现,投资者只看到眼前投资成本增加,而无法看到未来绿色建筑带来的收益,推进绿色建筑的进程被严重影响,阻碍了绿色建筑在我国的快速发展。究其原因主要是由于我国绿色建筑发展起步较晚,现阶段许多绿色建筑技术还不够成熟,普及度不高,选择绿色建筑技术产生增量成本再所难免,因此,需要研究出一套能够在多种绿色技术组合方案中选择出一个经济性较高的绿色技术方案的评价方法。本文针对我国现阶段绿色建筑发展水平,结合相关资料,归纳出绿色技术的分类,并通过搜集全国18个已获得绿色星级标识建筑的相关资料,详细分析建设方对各项绿色建筑技术的选择倾向以及绿色技术应用情况,以此了解我国现阶段各项绿色技术的成熟度和普及情况。而后从全生命周期的角度,分析采用绿色建筑技术产生的增量成本与效益,给出各项绿色技术的增量成本和增量效益计算公式,并结合相关资料对各星级绿色建筑项目增量成本构成作了简单数据分析。在前文基础上,构建评价体系,结合AHP-熵权法确定组合权重,建立绿色建筑技术经济性评价模型。最后以江西省南昌市某一星绿色建筑项目为例,分析该项目采用的关键绿色建筑技术,计算出关键绿色技术的增量成本和增量经济效益,运用已建立的评价模型给出评价分值得出最后评价结果,证明该评价方法切实可行。本文为绿色建筑技术的经济性评价提供了科学合理的参考依据,为政府进一步完善绿色建筑星级评价标准提供了一定的理论价值,为协助市场和决策者合理地综合选择绿色建筑技术提供了理论依据,对消除我国绿色建筑制约,激发各参与方对绿色建筑的热情,促进我国绿色建筑快速发展有重要的实践意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern society and economy, the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution brought by energy consumption are becoming more and more prominent, and seriously affect the survival and development of human beings. According to statistics, The energy consumption of the global construction industry accounts for about 30-40 percent of the total global energy consumption, and it is an important part of the global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In the context of the shortage of per capita resources in our country, in the continuous process of urbanization, With the development of the construction industry, building energy consumption and carbon emissions will continue to increase by a large margin. It is urgent for the construction industry to take a sustainable development road of energy conservation and environmental protection. In the past decade, green buildings have brought low consumption. The low pollution "environmental protection label" has come into people's view, and the construction industry, as a "giant" of energy consumption, should respond positively to the sustainable development strategy of our country-the development of green buildings, although under the active advocacy of the government, the construction industry should actively respond to the sustainable development strategy of our country. Green buildings have a good development prospect, but green buildings have more initial investment than traditional buildings, and the benefits brought by green buildings cannot be shown in the short term. Investors only see an increase in the cost of investment in the immediate future. However, it is impossible to see the benefits brought by green buildings in the future, and the process of promoting green buildings is seriously affected, which hinders the rapid development of green buildings in China. The main reason is that the development of green buildings in our country started relatively late. At this stage, many green building technologies are not mature enough and their popularity is not high, so it is inevitable to choose green building technology to produce incremental cost again. It is necessary to study a set of evaluation methods that can select a green technology scheme with high economy in a variety of green technology combination schemes. This paper aims at the development level of green building in China at present, and combines relevant data. This paper summarizes the classification of green technology, and through collecting the relevant information of 18 green star marked buildings in China, analyzes in detail the selection tendency and application of green building technology by the constructors. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, the incremental cost and benefit of adopting green building technology are analyzed. The calculation formulas of incremental cost and incremental benefit of each green technology are given, and the composition of incremental cost of each star green building project is analyzed in combination with relevant data. On the basis of the above, the evaluation system is constructed. Combined with the AHP- entropy method to determine the combined weight, the economic evaluation model of green building technology is established. Finally, taking a satellite green building project in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province as an example, the key green building technology used in the project is analyzed. The incremental cost and incremental economic benefit of the key green technology are calculated, and the final evaluation results are obtained by using the established evaluation model. This paper provides a scientific and reasonable reference for the economic evaluation of green building technology, and provides a certain theoretical value for the government to further improve the evaluation standard of green building star. It provides a theoretical basis for the market and decision makers to choose green building technology in a reasonable and comprehensive way, which can eliminate the restriction of green building in our country and stimulate the enthusiasm of the participants to green building. It is of great practical significance to promote the rapid development of green buildings in China.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU201.5

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