吉林省农产品比较优势与结构优化的实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 20:33

  本文选题：农产品比较优势　切入点：农业结构　出处：《吉林农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着农业和农村经济的发展,一些深层次的矛盾和问题逐渐显现。农业生产成本不断提高、农民增产不增收、农产品供求不平衡、国内农产品库存不断增加的同时进口农产品大量涌入中国市场。造成这种现象的一个重要原因就在于农产品生产结构不合理,无法契合市场需求的变化;农业生产结构和比较优势背离,农业资源配置不合理,农业生产效率低下。解决这一问题的途径就是要调整和优化农业产业结构、产品结构、地区结构;优化农业资源配置,将有限的资源集中到优势产品和优势产业;围绕市场需求进行生产,提高农产品质量,保证产品安全,提升农业竞争力。目前备受关注的农业结构调整实质就是在保证农产品数量充足的基础上,提高农业供给体系的质量和效率,真正生产消费者需要的产品品种,形成结构合理的农产品有效供给体系。本文研究了吉林省及9个地区农产品(主要是种植业产品和畜产品)的综合比较优势,将吉林省主要农产品的优势情况同地理位置临近、资源禀赋相似的黑龙江省、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区进行对比分析,并对吉林省农业产业结构和产品结构进行分析和评价。在此基础上对吉林省及各地区农产品的相对比较优势和结构进行协调性分析,最后提出了根据比较优势进行农业结构调整和农产品区域布局的途径和策略。主要研究内容和结论如下:首先,运用综合比较优势指数法研究了吉林省农产品的规模比较优势、效率比较优势和效益比较优势,研究结果表明,吉林省种植业中玉米、大豆和烤烟具有综合比较优势,水稻、油料、糖料、蔬菜和水果具有综合比较劣势,畜牧业中牛肉和禽肉生产具有综合比较优势,猪肉、羊肉和牛奶生产具有综合比较劣势。同辽宁、黑龙江和内蒙古相比,吉林省油料作物、糖料作物、蔬菜、水果生产综合比较优势具有一定差距;牛肉生产比较优势显著,牛奶和羊肉生产劣势明显。其次,根据吉林省行政区划,将吉林省分为中部长春市、吉林市、四平市、辽源市,东部通化市、延边州、白山市,西部松原市和白城市。对各地区农产品比较优势测算的结果表明,水稻生产具有综合比较优势的地区包括吉林市、白城市和通化市,玉米生产优势地区为中部地区,大豆生产优势地区为东部的延边州和白山市以及中部的吉林市,油料作物优势地区为西部地区,糖料作物优势地区为松原、白城和延边州,烟叶生产优势地区为东部地区,蔬菜生产中部地区优势较为明显,水果生产具有综合比较优势的地区为吉林市、白城市、通化市和白山市。畜产品中,中部生猪和家禽生产具有综合比较优势,东部肉牛生产具有优势,西部肉羊和牛奶生产具有优势。再次,对吉林省农业结构的研究表明,吉林省农业产值结构中种植业比重和畜牧业平分秋色,种植业比重略高于畜牧业,林业和渔业比重低;从就业结构来看,吉林省农业劳动力就业比重较高,但对地区生产总值的贡献率和拉动率较低;种植业产品中经济作物种植比重低;畜产品中猪肉、禽肉比重高,牛肉、羊肉、牛奶比重低。农业结构存在产值结构和就业结构不协调、产品结构不合理、产品地区结构和优势地区分布不一致等问题。通过计量经济模型VAR模型对吉林省农业结构进行定量分析,结果表明畜牧业对农业总产值的贡献超过了种植业,对种植业也有较强的带动作用,且畜牧业的贡献具有持续性。运用灰色关联分析法评价了吉林省农产品结构,结果表明畜产品产量与农林牧渔总产值的关联度较高。第四,建立相对比较优势指数和专业化系数的分析框架,对吉林省农产品相对比较优势和结构的协调性进行研究。相对比较优势指数和专业化系数都大于1的农产品包括水稻、玉米、牛肉,其中玉米专业化系数远远高于相对比较优势指数,种植比重偏高;相对比较优势指数和专业化系数都小于1的农产品包括油料、糖料、蔬菜、水果、羊肉、牛奶;相对比较优势指数大于1而专业化系数小于1的农产品包括大豆、烤烟、禽肉;猪肉生产相对比较优势指数小于1而专业化系数大于1。从相对比较优势指数和专业化系数协调的农产品的比例看,各地区比例低于全省。总结了吉林省农产品相对比较优势和结构背离的现象并分析了原因。最后,根据以上的研究,提出了吉林省农业结构优化的路径和农产品区域布局的策略。结构调整的重点产品是玉米、大豆、烤烟、猪肉、牛肉,增加优势产品的生产,缩减劣势产品生产,同时要提高农业产出能力和效率,发展集约经营。根据各地区比较优势的不同进行农产品区域布局。
[Abstract]:With the development of agriculture and rural economy, some deep-seated contradictions and problems gradually. Agricultural production costs continue to increase, farmers could not increase their income, agricultural products supply and demand imbalance, the stock of domestic agricultural products increased at the same time the influx of imported agricultural products market. China made an important reason for this phenomenon lies in agricultural products the production structure is not reasonable, can not fit the change of market demand; from agricultural production structure and the comparative advantage of agriculture, irrational allocation of resources, low efficiency of agricultural production. The way of solving the problem is to adjust and optimize the agricultural industrial structure, product structure, regional structure; optimize allocation of agricultural resources, will focus on the limited resources to advantage products and industries; around the market demand for production, improve the quality of agricultural products, ensure product safety, enhance the competitiveness of agriculture. At present, the concern of the agriculture. The adjustment in essence is the basis to ensure the adequate number of agricultural products, improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system of agricultural production, the real needs of consumer products, the formation of effective supply system of agricultural products. This paper studies the reasonable structure of agricultural products in Jilin province and 9 regions (mainly farming and livestock products) integrated comparative advantage, advantage of main agricultural products in Jilin province with the geographical location near, similar resources in Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were analyzed, and the analysis and evaluation of Jilin province agriculture industrial structure and product structure. On the basis of comparative advantage and the structure of agricultural products in Jilin province and in the area the coordination analysis, finally puts forward the ways and strategies according to the comparative advantage of the adjustment of agricultural structure and regional distribution of agricultural products. The main research contents and conclusions Are as follows: firstly, the index method of agricultural products in Jilin province using the comprehensive comparative advantage of the comparative advantage of scale, efficiency and benefit of the comparative advantage of comparative advantage, the results of the study show that corn planting in Jilin Province, has a comparative advantage in soybean and tobacco, rice, oil, sugar, vegetable and fruit has a comparative disadvantage, beef production poultry and animal husbandry has a comparative advantage, pork, mutton and milk production has a comparative disadvantage. With Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia in Jilin Province, oil crops, sugar crops, vegetables, fruit production has certain advantages compared with gap; the comparative advantage of beef production significantly, milk and mutton production disadvantage. Secondly, according to the the administrative division of Jilin Province, Jilin province can be divided into Changchun central city, Jilin City, Siping City, Liaoyuan City, Tonghua City, the eastern part of Yanbian, Baishan City, Baicheng and the western city of Songyuan City. Based on the comparative advantages of agricultural products in various regions. The results showed that rice production has a comparative advantage in areas such as Jilin City, Baicheng city and Tonghua City, corn production area advantage for the central region, soybean production area for the advantage of the eastern state of Yanbian and Baishan City and the central city of Jilin, oil crops advantageous area for the western region sugar crops, advantage regions of Songyuan, Baicheng and Yanbian, tobacco production area advantage for the eastern region, the central region of vegetable production has obvious advantages, fruit production has a comparative advantage in Jilin City, Baicheng City, Tonghua city and Baishan City. In the middle of animal products, pig and poultry production has a comparative advantage, Eastern beef production has the advantage of Western sheep and milk production advantages. Thirdly, study on agricultural structure of Jilin Province, planting structure of agricultural output in Jilin Province Industry and animal husbandry shares, planting ratio is slightly higher than that of animal husbandry, forestry and fishery is low; from the employment structure, higher employment proportion of agricultural labor force in Jilin Province, but the GDP contribution rate and pulling rate is low; economic crop planting industry products in the low proportion of livestock products; pork, poultry a high proportion of beef, mutton, milk, low proportion of agricultural structure. The industrial structure and employment structure is not harmonious, unreasonable product structure, product structure and regional distribution of area advantage is not consistent. Through the econometric model of VAR quantitative analysis of agricultural structure in Jilin province. The results showed that the animal husbandry contribution to the total output value of agriculture more than planting, also have a strong leading role of farming, animal husbandry and the contribution is continued. By using grey correlation analysis method to evaluate the Jilin Province agricultural product structure, result table The output of livestock products and the gross output value of high correlation. Fourth, analysis on establishing the framework of relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient, to study the coordination of agricultural products in Jilin province comparative advantage and structure. The relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient greater than 1 of the agricultural products include rice, corn, beef, which is much higher than that of maize specialization coefficient relative comparative advantage index, planting proportion is high; the relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient is less than 1 of the agricultural products include oil, sugar, vegetable, fruit, meat, milk; comparative advantage index greater than 1 and the specialization coefficient is less than 1 of agricultural products including soybean, tobacco poultry meat, pork production; comparative advantage index is less than 1 and the professional factor greater than 1. from the relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient of coordination of agricultural products the proportion of each area, the low proportion of In the whole province. Summarizes the agricultural products in Jilin province is relatively deviated from the advantages and structure of the phenomenon and reasons are analyzed. Finally, according to the above research, put forward the optimization of agricultural structure in Jilin province and the path of regional distribution of agricultural products. The key strategy of product structure adjustment is the corn, soybean, tobacco, pork, beef, add advantage the production of products, reduce the production of inferior products, and to improve the ability and efficiency of agricultural production, intensive management development. According to the comparative advantages of different regions of different regional distribution of agricultural products.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F327
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本文编号：1635890