容量比较法在船舶处于倾斜时的舱容计量修正研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 20:10

本文选题：容量比较法　切入点：船舶横倾　出处：《上海交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：船舶舱容计量检定是船舶装载量计算的主要依据。当前国家计量标准规定的计量不确定度为不大于0.3%，但这样的计量标准已经越来越滞后于市场对于计量精确度提高的要求。而容量比较法在船舶处于正浮时的舱容计量精度要比目前常用的几何测量法具有更高的计量精确度。但容量比较法的测量效率相对较低，而且其精确度较高的前提是船舶处于正浮状态，而在实际的舱容计量中，船舶经常处于倾斜状态，为了使容量比较法在舱容计量方面发挥其应有的优势，本文在分析国内外舱容计算方法的基础上，从提高容量比较法的测量效率和对船舶处于倾斜时的舱容计量修正进行了研究，给出了相应的修正方法。为了提高容量比较法的测量效率，本文提出了改进的容量比较法。改进的容量比较法不需要测量连续两次未知体积注水时，前一次未知体积注水后的舱内液高，而是通过两次标准注水之间的舱内液体体积差，近似得求出船舶在若干液高处的舱内液面水线面面积，然后通过样条插值的方法，求得舱室的水线面面积曲线，然后通过数值积分的方法求得相应舱室的舱容曲线。为了对容量比较法在船舶处于倾斜时的舱容计量进行修正，将舱室计量修正分为已知舱室理论型值和未知理论舱室型值两种情况。对于已知舱室理论型值的情况，假定实际舱室与理论舱室具有相同的修正比，，然后结合用容量比较法测得的正浮舱容表对实际舱室的舱容计量进行倾斜修正。对于未知理论舱室型值的情况，根据常见的舱室形状将船舶舱室分为规则舱、半规则舱和不规则舱三类，然后分别对各个舱型在测得若干舱室特征值的情况下，结合由容量比较法获得的正浮舱容表，反求出实际舱室的形状，最后在反求出的舱室形状的基础上对船舶处于倾斜状态下的舱容计量进行相应修正。本文通过相应的计算实例证明改进的容量比较法及容量比较法在船舶处于倾斜时的舱容计量修正方法的计算精度均满足计量检定规程的不确定度要求，这样容量比较法测量效率较低及较难进行倾斜修正的问题就得到了解决，这对实际的舱容计量具有非常重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The measurement and verification of ship's cabin capacity is the main basis for the calculation of ship's loading capacity. At present, the uncertainty of measurement stipulated in the national standard of measurement is not greater than 0.3, but such standard of measurement has lagged behind the market in raising the accuracy of measurement more and more. The accuracy of capacity measurement is higher than that of the geometric method, but the efficiency of the capacity comparison method is relatively low. And the premise of its high accuracy is that the ship is in a positive floating state, but in the actual tank volume measurement, the ship is often inclined. In order to make the capacity comparison method play its due advantage in the tank capacity measurement, Based on the analysis of the calculation methods of cabin capacity at home and abroad, this paper studies on improving the measuring efficiency of the capacity comparison method and the correction of the tank volume measurement when the ship is inclined, and gives the corresponding correction method. In order to improve the measuring efficiency of the capacity comparison method, an improved capacity comparison method is proposed in this paper. The improved capacity comparison method does not need to measure the liquid height of the tank after the previous water injection with the unknown volume. Instead, by using the volume difference of liquid in the tank between two standard water injections, the waterline area of the tank surface of the ship at a number of liquid heights is approximately calculated, and then the waterline surface area curve of the cabin is obtained by spline interpolation method. Then the cabin capacity curve of the corresponding compartment is obtained by numerical integration method. In order to modify the capacity measurement of the ship when the ship is inclined, the cabin metering correction is divided into two cases: the known theoretical value of the compartment and the unknown value of the theoretical type of the compartment. For the case of the known value of the theoretical type of the compartment, Assuming that the actual compartments and theoretical compartments have the same modified ratio, and then, in combination with the upright floatation volume meter measured by the capacity comparison method, an inclined correction of the actual compartments' tank volume metering. For cases where the theoretical compartment type is unknown, According to the common cabin shape, the ship's cabin is divided into three categories: regular cabin, semi-regular cabin and irregular cabin, and then, for each cabin, under the condition that the characteristic values of several compartments are measured respectively, combined with the capacity comparison method, the floatation tank capacity table is obtained. The shape of the actual compartment is obtained by inverse calculation. Finally, the tank capacity measurement of the ship in the sloping state is corrected on the basis of the reverse calculation of the shape of the compartment. This paper proves that the accuracy of the improved capacity comparison method and the capacity comparison method when the ship is tilted meets the uncertainty requirement of the metering verification regulation. In this way, the problems of low efficiency and difficult to be corrected by the capacity comparison method have been solved, which is of great practical significance to the actual tank capacity measurement.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U662.2;U663.8

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