基于GIS的防洪保护区洪水模拟与避险转移方案优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 16:21

本文选题：洪水模拟　切入点：避险转移　出处：《天津大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：洪水灾害是我国自然灾害中损失最严重的灾害,随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,洪水所带来的损失也越来越大。动态模拟洪水的演进过程并制定相应的避险转移方案,可有效应对紧急避险事件并降低洪涝灾害损失。近些年来,计算机技术特别是GIS技术在防洪减灾非工程措施中得到了广泛应用,其中基于GIS平台分析研究洪水受灾人员避险转移方案将逐步成为防洪减灾工作的重点。本文以黄河宁夏段青铜峡河西防洪保护区遭遇100年一遇洪水为例,采用一、二维耦合水动力学模型和基于GIS技术的避险转移分析方法进行了区域洪水模拟计算和避险转移方案优化研究,主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)建立了宁夏段黄河河道与防洪保护区一、二维耦合水动力学模型,并对其进行了参数率定和合理性分析,结果满足洪水风险分析要求。在此基础上,对两种典型溃口方案进行了洪水模拟计算,通过对淹没水深、洪水流速、洪水前锋到达时间、洪水历时等模拟结果的统计分析,获得了防洪保护区在遭遇百年一遇洪水下所面临的洪水风险。(2)根据洪水风险结果,基于GIS平台确定了防洪保护区的避险区域、避险单元、转移方式及转移人数;通过对安置区影响因子的分析,应用层次分析法对安置区进行了优选;在此基础上,利用Dijkstra算法和GIS的网络分析工具确定了最优路线,最终确定了最佳避险转移方案。(3)应用GIS强大的数据处理功能和地图绘制功能,将避险区域、避险单元、安置区和最优转移路线以图形要素和文字要素形式表现出来,并融合基础地理及基本洪水等信息绘制出了清晰、直观的避险转移图。以上成果可为黄河宁夏段青铜峡河西防洪保护区防汛救灾、避险转移、洪水风险区土地管理、增强全民水患意识和洪水影响评价等方面提供基础信息,同时,对进一步提高该区域洪水灾害的防范能力,减少洪灾损失,促进该防洪保护区社会经济的健康发展具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Flood disaster is the most serious natural disaster in China. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, The losses caused by floods are also increasing. Dynamic simulation of flood routing and corresponding risk avoidance schemes can effectively deal with emergency events and reduce flood losses. In recent years, Computer technology, especially GIS technology, has been widely used in non-engineering measures of flood control and disaster reduction. Based on the analysis of GIS platform, it will gradually become the focus of flood prevention and mitigation work. This paper takes the Qingtongxia River West Flood Protection area of the Yellow River as an example. Two dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model and the analysis method of safe haven transfer based on GIS technology were used to simulate and calculate regional flood and optimize the scheme of safe haven transfer. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the coupling hydrodynamic model of the Yellow River and flood protection area in Ningxia region is established, and the parameter rate and rationality are analyzed. The results meet the requirements of flood risk analysis. The flood simulation calculation of two typical burst schemes is carried out, and the statistical analysis of the results of flood simulation, such as depth of submerged water, flood velocity, arrival time of flood front, duration of flood, etc, is carried out. The flood risk in flood protection area is obtained. (2) according to the result of flood risk, the safe area, unit, transfer mode and the number of people are determined based on GIS platform. Based on the analysis of the influence factors of the resettlement area, the optimal route is determined by using the Dijkstra algorithm and the network analysis tool of GIS. Finally, the best safe haven transfer scheme is determined. (3) using the powerful data processing function and map drawing function of GIS, the safe area, safe haven unit, placement area and optimal transfer route are displayed in the form of graphic elements and text elements. Combining basic geography and basic flood information, a clear and intuitionistic map of risk avoidance is drawn. The above results can be used as flood prevention and disaster relief, risk avoidance transfer and land management in flood risk areas in the west flood control and protection areas of Qingtongxia River in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River. To enhance the awareness of the whole population and provide basic information for flood impact assessment, and at the same time, to further enhance the preparedness capacity of flood disasters in the region and to reduce flood losses, It is of great significance to promote the healthy development of social economy in this flood protection area.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV87;TV122

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